论检警关系的优化

Optimizing the Police-Prosecution Relations

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

江红

导师:

李昌林

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

检警关系;侦诉关系;审判中心主义;监督制约

摘要:

2012年修改后的《刑事诉讼法》在立法中正式确立了非法证据排除规则和侦查人员出庭作证制度,审判的中心地位在刑事诉讼中愈加彰显。《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》更是明确提出了“推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革”。要推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革,就应当改变侦查中心主义的格局,使侦查服务并且服从于公诉需要,检察权对侦查权进行有效制约。然而,现行检警关系仍然存在着侦查、公诉脱节,侦查的公诉准备功能不足,侦查权强于甚至超强于检察权而得不到有效制约的突出问题,亟待解决。本文拟从检警关系的基本内涵出发,描述审判中心主义逐步确立之后我国检警关系的应然状态;再指出现行检警关系存在诸多问题,与应然状态相悖;为适应审判中心主义的需要,就要针对这些问题提出解决方案,促进公安机关、检察机关共同正确、有效履行控诉职能。本文除引言外,正文共分为三个部分,约两万五千字。第一部分研究检警关系的基本内涵。通过对刑事诉讼构造、诉讼规律和大陆法系、英美法系国家检警关系模式的简要分析,总结出以审判为中心的诉讼模式下检警关系的基本内涵。一是侦诉职能一体。侦查机关、检察机关追诉犯罪的同质性决定了二者共同承担控方角色的必然性,侦查、公诉作为审前程序整体为审判做准备。促进检警关系良好运行的根本目的就是检警共同、正确、有效地追诉犯罪。二是侦查服务于公诉。按照审判中心主义和诉讼规律的要求,在审前程序中要以公诉为核心,强调侦查是服务于公诉的从属职能。三是检察权制约侦查权。侦查权作为一种行政权,本身就带有自然膨胀的性质,若不加以合理制约,必然出现权力滥用现象,并对公民合法权益造成或大或小的损害。检察权制约侦查权是检警关系的必有之义。第二部分指出目前检警关系存在的诸多问题。侦诉脱节、检察机关对公安机关的程序控制不足、监督乏力,流水作业现象严重,反映了刑事诉讼活动仍然以侦查为中心的事实,与逐步确立的审判中心主义背道而驰。首先,侦查的公诉准备功能不足,影响追诉犯罪成效。在“分工负责”制度之下,侦查、公诉脱节,加之侦查中心主义思想根深蒂固,侦查人员多注重破案抓人,而未完全按照公诉要求取证;侦查人员出庭作证以支持公诉的情况也不多见。其次,检察机关的程序控制不足,流水作业现象严重。这主要表现在两个方面:一是程序控制的范围过窄,侦查权过大,容易侵犯人权。逮捕以外的强制侦查措施,公安机关均可自行决定实施。二是检察机关对逮捕、起诉的把关不严,流水作业现象严重。最后,检察机关的监督乏力,难以及时纠正违法取证行为。由于侦查监督中立性不足,具有滞后性和缺乏处置手段,纠正违法的有效性难以保证,致使检察机关督促侦查活动合法、有效的理想破灭。第三部分主要针对现行检警关系存在的问题,提出优化建议。在审判中心主义逐步确立的情况下,迫切需要改善检警关系,摒弃侦查中心主义思想。优化检警关系要针对其存在的问题,对症下药。优化检警关系要考虑到司法体制和现实的要求,以检警二元制为前提,转变公安机关以侦查为中心的传统观念,确立检察引导侦查制度,加强检察机关对公安机关的制约作用,以促进检警关系和谐运行。一是坚持检警二元制,尽管优化检警关系需要加强侦查、公诉合力,但是在我国不具备司法审查制度、预审制度的情况下,考虑到检警自身的特点,不适宜实行检警一体化使检警关系过于紧密。二是转变侦查人员诉讼观念,增强公诉准备观念,摒弃侦查中心主义思想,以公诉为侦查的风向标,促进侦查服务于公诉。三是确立检察引导侦查制度,通过提前介入、文书说理、联席会议等方式,为侦查人员合法、有效取证或者正确适用法律提供指引作用。同时,通过提前介入还能弥补监督的滞后性和被动性。四是加强检察机关对公安机关的制约,扩大检察机关的程序控制范围、加强逮捕的程序控制作用以及严格适用非法证据排除规则,是加强制约作用的有效途径。

学科:

诉讼法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

江红. 论检警关系的优化[D]. 西南政法大学,2015.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 论检警关系的优化
  • dc.title
  • Optimizing the Police-Prosecution Relations
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20120301060439
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 江红
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2015
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 李昌林
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 检警关系;侦诉关系;审判中心主义;监督制约
  • dc.subject
  • the relationship between the procurator and police;relationship between investigation and litigation;centralism judgment,;supervision and restriction
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 2012年修改后的《刑事诉讼法》在立法中正式确立了非法证据排除规则和侦查人员出庭作证制度,审判的中心地位在刑事诉讼中愈加彰显。《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》更是明确提出了“推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革”。要推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革,就应当改变侦查中心主义的格局,使侦查服务并且服从于公诉需要,检察权对侦查权进行有效制约。然而,现行检警关系仍然存在着侦查、公诉脱节,侦查的公诉准备功能不足,侦查权强于甚至超强于检察权而得不到有效制约的突出问题,亟待解决。本文拟从检警关系的基本内涵出发,描述审判中心主义逐步确立之后我国检警关系的应然状态;再指出现行检警关系存在诸多问题,与应然状态相悖;为适应审判中心主义的需要,就要针对这些问题提出解决方案,促进公安机关、检察机关共同正确、有效履行控诉职能。本文除引言外,正文共分为三个部分,约两万五千字。第一部分研究检警关系的基本内涵。通过对刑事诉讼构造、诉讼规律和大陆法系、英美法系国家检警关系模式的简要分析,总结出以审判为中心的诉讼模式下检警关系的基本内涵。一是侦诉职能一体。侦查机关、检察机关追诉犯罪的同质性决定了二者共同承担控方角色的必然性,侦查、公诉作为审前程序整体为审判做准备。促进检警关系良好运行的根本目的就是检警共同、正确、有效地追诉犯罪。二是侦查服务于公诉。按照审判中心主义和诉讼规律的要求,在审前程序中要以公诉为核心,强调侦查是服务于公诉的从属职能。三是检察权制约侦查权。侦查权作为一种行政权,本身就带有自然膨胀的性质,若不加以合理制约,必然出现权力滥用现象,并对公民合法权益造成或大或小的损害。检察权制约侦查权是检警关系的必有之义。第二部分指出目前检警关系存在的诸多问题。侦诉脱节、检察机关对公安机关的程序控制不足、监督乏力,流水作业现象严重,反映了刑事诉讼活动仍然以侦查为中心的事实,与逐步确立的审判中心主义背道而驰。首先,侦查的公诉准备功能不足,影响追诉犯罪成效。在“分工负责”制度之下,侦查、公诉脱节,加之侦查中心主义思想根深蒂固,侦查人员多注重破案抓人,而未完全按照公诉要求取证;侦查人员出庭作证以支持公诉的情况也不多见。其次,检察机关的程序控制不足,流水作业现象严重。这主要表现在两个方面:一是程序控制的范围过窄,侦查权过大,容易侵犯人权。逮捕以外的强制侦查措施,公安机关均可自行决定实施。二是检察机关对逮捕、起诉的把关不严,流水作业现象严重。最后,检察机关的监督乏力,难以及时纠正违法取证行为。由于侦查监督中立性不足,具有滞后性和缺乏处置手段,纠正违法的有效性难以保证,致使检察机关督促侦查活动合法、有效的理想破灭。第三部分主要针对现行检警关系存在的问题,提出优化建议。在审判中心主义逐步确立的情况下,迫切需要改善检警关系,摒弃侦查中心主义思想。优化检警关系要针对其存在的问题,对症下药。优化检警关系要考虑到司法体制和现实的要求,以检警二元制为前提,转变公安机关以侦查为中心的传统观念,确立检察引导侦查制度,加强检察机关对公安机关的制约作用,以促进检警关系和谐运行。一是坚持检警二元制,尽管优化检警关系需要加强侦查、公诉合力,但是在我国不具备司法审查制度、预审制度的情况下,考虑到检警自身的特点,不适宜实行检警一体化使检警关系过于紧密。二是转变侦查人员诉讼观念,增强公诉准备观念,摒弃侦查中心主义思想,以公诉为侦查的风向标,促进侦查服务于公诉。三是确立检察引导侦查制度,通过提前介入、文书说理、联席会议等方式,为侦查人员合法、有效取证或者正确适用法律提供指引作用。同时,通过提前介入还能弥补监督的滞后性和被动性。四是加强检察机关对公安机关的制约,扩大检察机关的程序控制范围、加强逮捕的程序控制作用以及严格适用非法证据排除规则,是加强制约作用的有效途径。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The Criminal Procedural Law amended in 2012 formally established the exclusionary rule of illegally obtained evidence and the investigators testify system in legislation, and stressed the central position of trial. Decisions Made by the Central Committee of the CPC on Some Major Problems about Comprehensively Advancing the Rule of Law in China passed in the fourth plenary session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC also clearly put forward the idea of “ advancing the trial-oriented litigation system reform” which means that centralism judgment is being established in criminal action. The gradual establishment of centralism judgment makes the investigative centralism no longer be powerful, investigation should serve for and submit to prosecution needs, Prosecutorial power should restrict the investigation power effectively. However, in current relationship between the procurator and the police, there still exists many problem, such as investigation and public prosecution depart from each other, investigation’s insufficient power to prepare public prosecution, and the problem that investigation power exceed or is superior to prosecutorial power so much that can’t be restricted effectively, these are all burning questions. This paper starts from the basic connotation of the relationship between investigation and police, and describe the intrinsic state of the relationship between them after centralism judgment has been set up gradually, then point out that the existing problems in current relationship between procurator and the police are opposite to the intrinsic state. In order to adapt to the needs of centralism judgment, we should put forward some solutions to these problems to promote the public security organs and the prosecutorial organs to perform the accusation function effectively together.Except the introduction part, there are three parts of the text which totally include 25,000 words.The first part studies the basic connotation of the relationship between the procurator and the police. Through the brief analysis on criminal procedural structure, litigation, continental law system and the relationship mode of law countries like Britain and America, summarized the basic connotation of the relationship between the procurator and the police under the trial-oriented litigation mode. One is the integration of investigation and public prosecution. The homogeneity of the investigative institution and the prosecutorial organs when prosecute crimes decides the necessity of them to share the prosecution role. Investigation and public prosecution functions as pre-trail procedures prepared for the trial. The fundamental purpose of promoting the relationship between procurator and police operate well is to make the prosecutorial organ and the police prosecute crimes jointly, correctly and effectively. The second point is that investigation serves for public prosecution. According to the requirements of centralism judgment and the litigation law, public prosecution should be treated as the core in pretrial procedure, and emphasizes that investigation is a kind of subordinate function which serves for public prosecution. The third point is that prosecutorial power restricts the investigation power. As a kind of executive power, investigation power itself has the character of natural expansion, if we don’t restrict it reasonably, it must be misused, and thus citizens’ legitimate rights and interests will be damaged to some extent. Prosecutorial power restrict investigation power is the necessary meaning of the relationship between procurator and the police.The second part points out the existing problems in current relationship between procurator and the police. For example, the investigation did not serve for public prosecution; the prosecutorial organs did not have much effective program control and supervision to the investigation organs. All of these indicate that the existing of the investigation centralism, which is opposite to the centralism judgment. First of all, the insufficient preparation for public prosecution affects the function in prosecuting crimes. With the principle of responsibility based on division of work, the investigation is independent of the public prosecution, together with the ingrained conception of the investigation centralism, the investigators pay more attention to arresting suspects, while ignoring the requirement of the evidence that public prosecution needs. And it is rare that investigators attend the court to testify. The second, prosecutorial organs did not have much effective program control to the investigation organs resulting in pipeline of prosecuting crimes. In one respect, the range of program control of public prosecution is too narrow, the investigation organs have too much power in prosecuting crimes, and it is very easy to violate the human rights. The investigation organs have the power to decide to implement all the compulsory investigating measure except arrest. In another respect, prosecutorial organs did not have much effective program control to the investigation organs, such as arrest and prosecution. The third, the prosecutorial organs did not have much effective supervision to the investigation organs, and it is difficult to rectify the illegal evidence. Because of the defect of supervision, such as partiality, hysteresis and aweless, the target that prosecutorial organs make investigators to collect evidence becomes a phantom.As for the third part, it gives some optimal advice in consideration of the existing problems in current relationship between the procurator and the police. It is urgent to improve the relationship between the procurator and the police, and to abandon investigation centralism when the centralism judgment is being set up gradually. When it comes to optimize the relationship between them, it is essential to find solution to the existing problems, and it is necessary to take justice system and realistic request into account. Firstly, investigation is independent of public prosecution. Although strengthening cooperation between investigation organs and prosecutorial organs is the precondition of improving the relationship between the procurator and the police, it is inappropriate to adopt the integration model of the relationship without judicial review system and pretrial system. Secondly, investigators must change their perception in investigation and abandon investigation centralism, investigation shall be prepared for public prosecution. Thirdly, it is necessary to establish prosecutorial work guiding investigation by advancing, detailed documents and joint conference in order to collecting evidence legally. In the meantime, the hysteresis of supervision is to overcome. Fourthly, procuratorial power restricts the investigation power effectively. The effective ways are extending the program control range, strengthening the control action of arrest, and applying the illegal evidence elimination rule strictly.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-01-16
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2015-05-16
  • dc.relation.relatedpublications
  • 目 录引 言 1一、检警关系的基本内涵 2(一)侦诉职能一体 4(二)侦查服务于公诉 5(三)检察权制约侦查权 6二、检警关系存在的问题 9(一)侦查的公诉准备功能不足,影响追诉犯罪成效 9(二)检察机关的程序控制不足,流水作业现象严重 12(三)检察机关的监督乏力,难以及时纠正违法取证 14三、检警关系的优化 16(一)坚持检警二元制 16(二)增强侦查人员公诉准备观念 18(三)确立检察引导侦查制度 20(四)加强检察机关对公安机关的制约 22参考文献 30
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