对茅台、五粮液反垄断执法的法律分析

The Legal Analysis OF Antitrust Enforcement For Maotai,Wuliangye

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作者:

王邦伟

导师:

李伟

导师单位:

经济法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

反垄断;公共利益;经济宪法;合理原则

摘要:

2012年4月国家开始禁止用公款购买高端白酒之后,茅台和五粮液等高端酒厂先后组织起经销商召开会议,要求高端酒的转售价格不得低于其各自指定的标准。鉴于十八大胜利召开之后,中共中央常委提出改进工作作风、密切联系群众,一定程度上依赖公款采购的高端白酒,发生了需求结构的改变,并严重地影响了经销商对高端白酒继续涨价的预期,以至于在零售价格上出现节节下滑。2013年1月,茅台和五粮液纷纷再次要求经销商不得低于它们制定的最低转售价格销售,茅台率先处罚违约经销商的新闻也受到媒体及社会各界的广泛关注。国务院反垄断执法机构针对茅台、五粮液限制转售价格行为进行了反垄断调查,并开出了自我国《反垄断法》实施五年以来对行业巨头开出的罚单。该罚单一公布引起了理论界与实务界的密切关注。之所以对社会公众影响如此巨大,除了以上原因外,更为重要的是这次反垄断执法定性是否合法与合理,以及在反垄断执法过程中相关法律问题的思考。本文通过对该案件全面分析,希望能给以后司法实践中类似案件的处理提供一些有意义的参考。全文分为四个部分:第一部分介绍了主要案情及处罚决定。2012年2月19日,中国广播网消息报道,国务院反垄断执法机构将对酒业巨头茅台、五粮液反垄断处罚4.49亿元。同年2月22日,国务院反垄断执法机构证实上述处罚属实。国务院反垄断执法机构认为贵州茅台酒销售有限公司对全国经销商向第三人销售茅台酒的最低价格进行限定,违反了《中华人民共和国反垄断法》第14条的规定。认为宜宾五粮液酒类销售有限责任公司依据《五粮液营销督查处理通报(督字001号)》对14家经销商违规销售五粮液的行为给予扣除违约金、扣除市场支持费用等处罚,并且利用自身的市场强势地位,限定经销商向第三人销售白酒的最低价格,达成并实施了白酒转售价格的纵向垄断协议,违反了《反垄断法》第14条的规定,排除和限制了市场竞争,损害了消费者的利益。第二部分归纳了案件争议观点与争议焦点。对于该案件垄断性质的认定,实务界存在重大的分歧:第一种观点认为本案属于垄断。茅台和五粮液的定价策略明显地违反了《反垄断法》第14条第2项的规定。第二种观点认为本案不属于垄断。《反垄断法》制定的目的就是为了预防和制止垄断行为,保护市场公平竞争,提高经济运行效率,维护消费者利益和社会公共利益,促进社会主义市场经济健康发展,然而茅台与五粮液属于高端酒的行列,已成为奢侈品,无关于国计民生,不涉及到社会公共利益,并且白酒行业本来就是一个高度竞争的行业,这次价格的调整是在国家限制公款消费高端白酒的一次行业内部调整价格,属于企业自主定价范畴,不属于垄断。针对本案的反垄断执法,也存在二种观点:第一种观点认为国务院反垄断执法机构对茅台、五粮液的处罚合法合理,有利于维护市场物价稳定,维护消费者的合法权益。第二种观点认为,从表面上看国务院反垄断执法机构对两公司的限制价格行为的定性依据是第14条第2项的规定,法律责任依据是第46条,但是纵观整个执法的过程,在执法主体及执法程序以及执法自由裁量权等方面存在众多的法律问题,不仅对受处罚公司不公平与公正,同时也违《反垄断法》精神,并且也不利于今后类似案件处理的借鉴,同时也没法使经济宪法真正的得到推广及发挥应有的规范作用。第三部分是对本案争议焦点的法理分析。第一个争议焦点是关于本案是否涉嫌垄断,是否应适用反垄断法追究当事人的法律责任。首先对垄断的法理进行分析;其次对本案性质认定的法理分析。第二个争议焦点是国务院反垄断执法机构在执法中是否存在问题。对该争议焦点分别从三个质疑角度进行分析,即反垄断执法机构、反垄断执法程序、反垄断执法金额等三个方面依次全面阐述。第四部分是对类似案件认定处理的再思考。通过对本案进行分析,阐释有关立法精神,以及在反垄断执法中应考量的因素,以使更好适用法律,警示和预防不当行为的发生。本部分分别从反垄断法价值的考量、反垄断执法主体的考量、反垄断执法自由裁量权的考量、反垄断执法消费者权益保护的考量等四个方面进行综合分析。

学科:

经济法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

王邦伟. 对茅台、五粮液反垄断执法的法律分析[D]. 西南政法大学,2014.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 对茅台、五粮液反垄断执法的法律分析
  • dc.title
  • The Legal Analysis OF Antitrust Enforcement For Maotai,Wuliangye
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20110351011220
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 王邦伟
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2014
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 李伟
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 反垄断;;公共利益;;经济宪法;;合理原则
  • dc.subject
  • anti monopoly;public interest;economic constitution;the principle of reasonable;doubt
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 2012年4月国家开始禁止用公款购买高端白酒之后,茅台和五粮液等高端酒厂先后组织起经销商召开会议,要求高端酒的转售价格不得低于其各自指定的标准。鉴于十八大胜利召开之后,中共中央常委提出改进工作作风、密切联系群众,一定程度上依赖公款采购的高端白酒,发生了需求结构的改变,并严重地影响了经销商对高端白酒继续涨价的预期,以至于在零售价格上出现节节下滑。2013年1月,茅台和五粮液纷纷再次要求经销商不得低于它们制定的最低转售价格销售,茅台率先处罚违约经销商的新闻也受到媒体及社会各界的广泛关注。国务院反垄断执法机构针对茅台、五粮液限制转售价格行为进行了反垄断调查,并开出了自我国《反垄断法》实施五年以来对行业巨头开出的罚单。该罚单一公布引起了理论界与实务界的密切关注。之所以对社会公众影响如此巨大,除了以上原因外,更为重要的是这次反垄断执法定性是否合法与合理,以及在反垄断执法过程中相关法律问题的思考。本文通过对该案件全面分析,希望能给以后司法实践中类似案件的处理提供一些有意义的参考。全文分为四个部分:第一部分介绍了主要案情及处罚决定。2012年2月19日,中国广播网消息报道,国务院反垄断执法机构将对酒业巨头茅台、五粮液反垄断处罚4.49亿元。同年2月22日,国务院反垄断执法机构证实上述处罚属实。国务院反垄断执法机构认为贵州茅台酒销售有限公司对全国经销商向第三人销售茅台酒的最低价格进行限定,违反了《中华人民共和国反垄断法》第14条的规定。认为宜宾五粮液酒类销售有限责任公司依据《五粮液营销督查处理通报(督字001号)》对14家经销商违规销售五粮液的行为给予扣除违约金、扣除市场支持费用等处罚,并且利用自身的市场强势地位,限定经销商向第三人销售白酒的最低价格,达成并实施了白酒转售价格的纵向垄断协议,违反了《反垄断法》第14条的规定,排除和限制了市场竞争,损害了消费者的利益。第二部分归纳了案件争议观点与争议焦点。对于该案件垄断性质的认定,实务界存在重大的分歧:第一种观点认为本案属于垄断。茅台和五粮液的定价策略明显地违反了《反垄断法》第14条第2项的规定。第二种观点认为本案不属于垄断。《反垄断法》制定的目的就是为了预防和制止垄断行为,保护市场公平竞争,提高经济运行效率,维护消费者利益和社会公共利益,促进社会主义市场经济健康发展,然而茅台与五粮液属于高端酒的行列,已成为奢侈品,无关于国计民生,不涉及到社会公共利益,并且白酒行业本来就是一个高度竞争的行业,这次价格的调整是在国家限制公款消费高端白酒的一次行业内部调整价格,属于企业自主定价范畴,不属于垄断。针对本案的反垄断执法,也存在二种观点:第一种观点认为国务院反垄断执法机构对茅台、五粮液的处罚合法合理,有利于维护市场物价稳定,维护消费者的合法权益。第二种观点认为,从表面上看国务院反垄断执法机构对两公司的限制价格行为的定性依据是第14条第2项的规定,法律责任依据是第46条,但是纵观整个执法的过程,在执法主体及执法程序以及执法自由裁量权等方面存在众多的法律问题,不仅对受处罚公司不公平与公正,同时也违《反垄断法》精神,并且也不利于今后类似案件处理的借鉴,同时也没法使经济宪法真正的得到推广及发挥应有的规范作用。第三部分是对本案争议焦点的法理分析。第一个争议焦点是关于本案是否涉嫌垄断,是否应适用反垄断法追究当事人的法律责任。首先对垄断的法理进行分析;其次对本案性质认定的法理分析。第二个争议焦点是国务院反垄断执法机构在执法中是否存在问题。对该争议焦点分别从三个质疑角度进行分析,即反垄断执法机构、反垄断执法程序、反垄断执法金额等三个方面依次全面阐述。第四部分是对类似案件认定处理的再思考。通过对本案进行分析,阐释有关立法精神,以及在反垄断执法中应考量的因素,以使更好适用法律,警示和预防不当行为的发生。本部分分别从反垄断法价值的考量、反垄断执法主体的考量、反垄断执法自由裁量权的考量、反垄断执法消费者权益保护的考量等四个方面进行综合分析。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • In April 2012, after countries banned the use of public funds to buy high-end liquor, some high-end winery ,including maotai and wuliangye has organized dealer meeting, Requiring the resale price of high-end wine shall not be less than their specified criteria. Given the eighteenth big victory meeting, the standing committee of the central committee of the communist party of China puts forward to improve the work style, close ties with the masses, high-end liquor ,to some extent, depending on public funds for purchasing, have some change in the demand structure, and seriously affected the expectations of dealers for high-end liquor to continue to rise in price, so that the sliding on the retail price. In January 2013, maotai and wuliangye have recalled for the dealer shall not be less than the price that they set the minimum resale price sale, the news of maotai first penalizing the default distributor has received extensive attention of the media and the social from all walks of life. The authority of anti-monopoly enforcement under the state council put an antitrust investigation for maotai, wuliangye for the restrictions of resale prices and offered a giant ticket from the five years since the implementation of the anti-monopoly law in China so far. A close attention from theoretical and practical circles was caused after the publication of the ticket. The reason why the social public influence is so great, in addition to the above reasons, the more important is whether the antitrust enforcement qualitative is legal and reasonable, as well as the related legal problems in the process of antitrust enforcement. This article aims to provide some useful reference about the treatment of similar cases in the judicial practice through a comprehensive analysis of the case The full text is divided into four parts: The first part introduces the main facts and punishment decision paper. In February 19, 2012, China broadcast network news reports that the anti-monopoly authority under the State Council will penalize 449000000 yuan to the giant industry of wine maotai, wuliangye for antitrust . In February 22nd,the same year, the anti-monopoly authority under the State Council confirmed that the punishment is true. The anti monopoly law enforcement agency argues that the lowest price Kweichow maotai wine sales limited to dealers across the country to third people maotai wine sales are defined, in violation of the "Regulations of the people's Republic of China anti monopoly law" article fourteenth. Thinking of the punishment for the fourteen dealers is unreasonable by Yibin Wuliangye .the lowest price of the dealer’s sales of liquor to third people are defined, and the implementation of a liquor sales price of the vertical monopoly agreement is in violation of the "anti monopoly law, which exclude and restrict competition of the market, harming the interests of consumers. The second part summarizes the viewpoints and controversial focus of dispute case. For the definition of monopoly, there are significant differences in practice: a view argues that this case belongs to monopoly. Maotai and wuliangye’s pricing strategy is clearly in violation of the "anti monopoly law" fourteenth article second. The second kinds of views see that the case does not belong to the monopoly. The destination of "Anti-monopoly law" is to prevent and supervise the monopolistic behavior, protect fair competition in the market, improve economic efficiency, protect consumer’s interests and social public interests, promote the healthy development of social market economy, however, maotai and wuliangye belong to high-end wine ranks, has become a luxury, not about beneficial to the people’s live hood, not related to the public interests, and liquor industry is a highly competitive industry, the adjustment of price is its inner change within an industry countries limit the public consumption of high-end liquor, which belongs to the category of enterprise independent pricing, it dose not belong to the monopoly. For the anti monopoly law enforcement, there are two views: the first view is that the anti monopoly law enforcement agency for maotai and wuliangye’s punishment is legitimate and reasonable, which helps maintaining the market price stable, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. The second view argues that the qualitative basis on wo company limited price sector law enforcement agencies of the State Council go against the current regulations from the surface, the legal liability is based on the forty-sixth, but thought the entire process of the case, there exists some law flaw on the subject, procedure and discretion, which not only not fair and justice for the company for the penalty, but also a violation of antitrust law spirit and is not conducive to the future similar cases of punishment for reference, also cannot make economic constitution really get promotion and play its due role specification. The third part is the legal analysis of the focus on the dispute case. The first issue is about whether the case is related with monopoly, whether to be investigated for legal liability of the parties by applying anti-monopoly law. First , the article carries on the legal analysis to the legal monopoly; Second issue is whether there exists some problems in the process of the anti monopoly law enforcement. The focus of controversy are analyzed from three questions individually, namely, the anti monopoly law enforcement agency, the antimonopoly law procedures, the anti monopoly law enforcement amount, which are expounded in turn. The fourth part is the reflection on the determination of the similar case processing. Through the analysis of this case, the interpretation of the spirit of the legislation, as well as the factors in the anti monopoly law enforcement should be considered, in order to apply the laws well, warn and prevent the occurration of the similar and misconduct case. In this part, the monopoly law enforcement main body is from the considerations for value of the antitrust law, the considerations of subject, the consideration of discretion, the consideration of the protection on consumer in a comprehensive analysis.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-23
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2014-04-18
  • dc.relation.relatedpublications
  • 引 言 1 一、案情简介(处罚决定介绍) 2 二、案件争议观点及焦点 3 三、本案争议焦点的法理分析 5 (一)第一个争议焦点之法理分析 5 1.垄断的法理分析 5 2.本案性质的法理分析 6 (二)第二个争议焦点之法理分析 12 1.反垄断执法机构的质疑 12 2.反垄断执法程序的质疑 13 3.反垄断执法金额的质疑 15 四、对类似案件认定处理的再思考 16 (一)反垄断法价值的正确考量 16 (二)反垄断执法主体的适当性考量 18 (三)反垄断执法自由裁量权的合理性考量 19 (四)反垄断执法消费者权益保护的考量 20 结 语 22 参考文献 23 致 谢 25
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