论承租人优先购买权

Theory of preemptive purchasing right of tenants

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作者:

李放

导师:

胡大武

导师单位:

经济法学院(生态法学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

房屋租赁;承租人;房屋买卖;优先购买权

摘要:

我国法律法规对承租人优先购买权的规定模糊,司法实践中判决不一致,学界对承租人优先购买权性质、行使条件等也存在争议。针对实践与理论中的争议,本选题对承租人优先购买权进行研究。全文共分五部分。约4.1万字。第一部分承租人优先购买权的存废之辩。我国法律对承租人优先购买权规定的内容比较模糊、可操作性不强,由此造成了实务与理论上存在诸多争议;但是,该制度具有稳定社会关系、实现社会实质公平的功能,符合市场经济效率原则;因此,该制度有存在及深入研究的必要。第二部分承租人优先购买权的性质。明确承租人优先购买权的性质是解决承租人优先购买权诸多争议问题的前提。承租人优先购买权的性质有形成权说、附条件的形成权说、请求权说、债权说、物权说、既得权说与期待权说。但上述学说都有失偏颇,本文认为,若优先购买权进行了公示,则具有物权性,可以对抗第三人;若没有进行公示,则仅具有债权性。第三部分承租人优先购买权行使的具体问题。界定了行使优先购买权的主体范围,指出合租租赁关系中的各承租人、与承租人共同居住的人、在合法转租情况下的次承租人都享有优先购买权。对“同等条件”和“通知义务”进行探讨,出卖人与第三人签订出租房屋买卖合同中的必备条款是“同等条件”的认定根据,主要指房价,付款方式和期限的大致相同。出租人履行“通知义务”,应当在与第三人就租赁房屋的买卖合同的主要条款磋商确定后、合同订立前通知承租人。期限应当是对通知义务的起算点和承租人的答复期、订约期来分别加以规定。将承租人优先购买权的行使期限拆分为答复期限与订约期限,答复期限以15天到30天为宜,订约期限以10天为宜,故承租人优先购买权的行使期限为自收到出租人通知之日起25天到40天。第四部分承租人优先购买权的法律效力。主要分对内效力和对外效力。对内效力指房屋承租人与出租人之间的效力,对外效力指对意欲与出租人订立房屋买卖合同取得房屋所有权的第三人的影响,重点论述了对第三人利益的保护。租赁关系经登记公示才具有对抗第三人的效力;未经登记的不得对抗第三人;当第三人不能取得房屋所有权时,其与出卖人之间的房屋买卖合同仍然有效,第三人可向出卖人追究房屋买卖合同的违约责任。第五部分承租人优先购买权与其他权利的冲突及解决。当共有人的优先购买权与承租人优先购买权冲突时,共有人的优先购买权优于承租人。这符合所有权优先于用益物权的原理,也可以简化法律关系,体现优先购买制度设计的主旨。当次承租人优先购买权与承租人优先购买权冲突时,次承租人的优先购买权应当优于承租人,这符合物权优先于债权的原理;符合次承租人因占有使用房屋而享有的物权优先于承租人无占有使用房屋及以靠转租合同谋取差价利益为目的的债权原理;符合优先购买制度的简化交易程序、降低交易成本、增进效率的设立宗旨。

参考文献:

85

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

李放. 论承租人优先购买权[D]. 西南政法大学,2013.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 论承租人优先购买权
  • dc.title
  • Theory of preemptive purchasing right of tenants
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20100301050334
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 李放
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2013
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 胡大武
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 房屋租赁 ;承租人;房屋买卖;优先购买权
  • dc.subject
  • house tenancy;tenant;house sales&purchase;preemptive purchasing right
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 我国法律法规对承租人优先购买权的规定模糊,司法实践中判决不一致,学界对承租人优先购买权性质、行使条件等也存在争议。针对实践与理论中的争议,本选题对承租人优先购买权进行研究。全文共分五部分。约4.1万字。第一部分承租人优先购买权的存废之辩。我国法律对承租人优先购买权规定的内容比较模糊、可操作性不强,由此造成了实务与理论上存在诸多争议;但是,该制度具有稳定社会关系、实现社会实质公平的功能,符合市场经济效率原则;因此,该制度有存在及深入研究的必要。第二部分承租人优先购买权的性质。明确承租人优先购买权的性质是解决承租人优先购买权诸多争议问题的前提。承租人优先购买权的性质有形成权说、附条件的形成权说、请求权说、债权说、物权说、既得权说与期待权说。但上述学说都有失偏颇,本文认为,若优先购买权进行了公示,则具有物权性,可以对抗第三人;若没有进行公示,则仅具有债权性。第三部分承租人优先购买权行使的具体问题。界定了行使优先购买权的主体范围,指出合租租赁关系中的各承租人、与承租人共同居住的人、在合法转租情况下的次承租人都享有优先购买权。对“同等条件”和“通知义务”进行探讨,出卖人与第三人签订出租房屋买卖合同中的必备条款是“同等条件”的认定根据,主要指房价,付款方式和期限的大致相同。出租人履行“通知义务”,应当在与第三人就租赁房屋的买卖合同的主要条款磋商确定后、合同订立前通知承租人。期限应当是对通知义务的起算点和承租人的答复期、订约期来分别加以规定。将承租人优先购买权的行使期限拆分为答复期限与订约期限,答复期限以15天到30天为宜,订约期限以10天为宜,故承租人优先购买权的行使期限为自收到出租人通知之日起25天到40天。第四部分承租人优先购买权的法律效力。主要分对内效力和对外效力。对内效力指房屋承租人与出租人之间的效力,对外效力指对意欲与出租人订立房屋买卖合同取得房屋所有权的第三人的影响,重点论述了对第三人利益的保护。租赁关系经登记公示才具有对抗第三人的效力;未经登记的不得对抗第三人;当第三人不能取得房屋所有权时,其与出卖人之间的房屋买卖合同仍然有效,第三人可向出卖人追究房屋买卖合同的违约责任。第五部分承租人优先购买权与其他权利的冲突及解决。当共有人的优先购买权与承租人优先购买权冲突时,共有人的优先购买权优于承租人。这符合所有权优先于用益物权的原理,也可以简化法律关系,体现优先购买制度设计的主旨。当次承租人优先购买权与承租人优先购买权冲突时,次承租人的优先购买权应当优于承租人,这符合物权优先于债权的原理;符合次承租人因占有使用房屋而享有的物权优先于承租人无占有使用房屋及以靠转租合同谋取差价利益为目的的债权原理;符合优先购买制度的简化交易程序、降低交易成本、增进效率的设立宗旨。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The vagueness of preemptive right of tenants in purchasing the rental housing property speculated in the laws and regulations in China leads to the inconsistency of judgments in judicial practices. The academic circles also hold controversy about the nature and qualification of tenants’ preemptive purchasing right. To settle the disputes, this article will study the system of preemptive purchasing rights of tenants.Divided into five parts, this article is composed of 41,000characters.Part I. The debate about the abolishement and preservation of the preemptive purchasing right of tenants. Although in our country law, the content of the preemptive purchasing right of tenants is fuzzy and the operability is poor. The exercise of the preemptive purchasing right of tenants has a lot of controversy over it. But in conformity with the efficiency principles of market economy, the system functions as stabilizing social relations and achieving essential social equity that determines the necessity of the system.We still have a need to study this system,unified issues,enhance practical operability.Part II. Discussion of the nature of tenants’ preemptive purchasing right. Definition of the nature of preemptive purchasing right is the premise of settling the various disputes about tenants’ preemptive purchasing right. Nature of tenants’ preemptive purchasing rights includes right of formation, conditional right of formation, right of claim, creditor's right, real right, vested right and expectant right. The author of this article believes that the preemptive right should be explained by real right if it is notified publically and be explained by creditor’s right if it is not notified publically.Part III. Discussion of specific issues when tenants exercise the preemptive purchasing right. Define the subject scope of preemptive purchasing right and point out that the various tenants under the tenancy contract, residents living with the tenants and the sub-tenant under legal sublet contract all have the preemptive purchasing right. Discuss the terms such as equal conditions and notification obligation. Determination basis is the essential provision in the tenancy contract signed by seller and the third party. Equal conditions refer to the similarity of housing price, terms of payment and disposing time. Lessors should carry out the notification obligation by notifying the tenants after confirming the contract details of rental house selling with the third party and before signing the contract. About the understanding of disposing time, laws and regulations in China do not have accurate speculations on the disposing time of tenants’ preemptive purchasing right. The author of the article believes the notice period should be speculated respectively from the start of notification obligation to both tenants’ replying periods and agreement period. The disposing periods of tenants’ preemptive purchasing right should also be divided into replying period and agreement period. Replay period could be 15 to 30 days and agreement period could be 10 days, which makes disposing period of tenants’ preemptive purchasing right of 25 to 40 days after receiving the notification from the lessor.Part IV. Discussion of legal validity of tenants’ preemptive purchasing right. It mainly includes internal and external validity. Internal validity refers to the validity between house lessor and the tenants while eternal validity refers to the force upon the third party who wants to get the ownership of the house by signing purchasing contract with the lessor, which mainly discusses the legal protection of the interest of third party. The tenancy relations can only have the effectiveness of confrontation of the third party by registration and public notification. Unregistered tenancy relations cannot confront the third party. The contract between the third party and the housing seller is still effective when the third party cannot get the ownership of the house and the third party has the rights to hold the seller responsible for violation of the agreementPart V. Provide solutions for the conflict of tenants’ preemptive purchasing right. with other rights. When there are conflicts of the preemptive purchasing rights between co-owner and tenant, the author of the article believes that co-owner’s purchasing right precedes the tenant’s preemptive purchasing right because it conforms to the principle that ownership precedes usufruct rights, which will also simplify the legal relations and better embody the purpose in designing the preemptive purchasing system. When there are conflicts in preemptive purchasing rights between sublet tenant and original tenant, the article holds the stand that the sublet tenant’s purchasing right precedes the original tenant’s purchasing right because it conforms to the principle that real right precedes creditor’s right, conforms to the fact that the real right of sublet tenant in occupying and using the house precedes the creditor’s right of original tenant who do not occupy the house, conforms to the fact that the real right of sublet tenant in occupying and using the house precedes the creditor’s right of original tenant who sublet the rental contract and make profit from the price difference, better embody the purpose in designing the preemptive purchasing system, conforms to the aim of simplifying the transaction procedures, lowering the transaction costs and increasing efficiency of the preemptive purchasing right.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D923
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-04-02
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2013-04-26
  • dc.relation.citedreferences
  • 85
  • dc.relation.relatedpublications
  • 目 录引 言... 1一、承租人优先购买权:废弃与保留之辩... 3(一)废弃论者的观点... 3(二)保留论者的观点... 4二、承租人优先购买权的性质... 6(一)形成权说与请求权说... 71.形成权说或附条件的形成权说... 72.请求权说... 8(二)债权说与物权说... 111.债权说... 112.物权说... 113.混合效力说... 12(三)既得权说与期待权说... 14三、承租人优先购买权的行使... 15(一)主体范围的确定... 15(二)“同等条件”和“通知义务”的掌握... 171.对“同等条件”的理解... 172.通知义务... 20(三)期限问题... 21四、承租人优先购买权的法律效力... 26(一)承租人优先购买权的对内效力... 26(二)承租人优先购买权的对外效力... 301.对第三人和出租人订立房屋买卖合同效力的影响... 302.承租人优先购买权与善意第三人... 33五、承租人优先购买权与其他权利的冲突及解决... 36(一)承租人与共有人之间优先购买权的冲突及解决... 36(二)承租人与次承租人之间优先购买权的冲突及解决... 41(三)各承租人之间优先购买权的冲突及解决... 43结 语... 45参考文献... 46致 谢... 50
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