1997-2007:一国两制法治实践的法理学观察——以法制冲突为视角

1997-2007: one of the practice of law in Jurisprudence -- from the perspective of Legal Conflict Observation

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归属院系:

行政法学院

作者:

陈友清

导师:

付子堂

导师单位:

行政法学院(纪检监察学院)

学位:

博士

语种:

其他

关键词:

一国两制;香港;法制冲突;法学理论

摘要:

本文以一国两制在香港十年法治实践中的法制冲突为考察对象,借助比较、典型案例解析和社会学冲突理论等分析工具,试图证明这样一个理论和实践论题:一国两制法治实践不但引发了国家结构模式的深刻变革,也为中国法律和中国法学的发展方向提供了价值和理论导引。 循历史和逻辑发展规律的研究进路,以一国两制理论及其对法学理论的贡献为历史起点,以这一理论的实践载体和场城--香港法治--为逻辑起点,本文首先提出和论证法制冲突是一国两制香港十年法治实践的基本维度这一命题(第一章),进而通过典型案例冲突主题解析,力图多维度、多视角地展现这种冲突,并进一步证成此一命题(第二章)。对法制冲突的社会、制度、意识形态和法学方法等成因探究(第三章),不但说明了冲突的不可避免,更意在为减少或至少缓和冲突提供启示。对冲突的制度、社会和理论效应的价值评判(第四章),以及对一国两制下宪政体制整合与完善的“策论”(第五章),不仅是对本文论题的证明,也在一定程度上探讨了一国两制宪政体制及其法律载体(《基本法》的整合空间。在此基础上,论文最后从现实、宪政和理论三个维度,对一国两制下法制冲突的向度进行了初浅的前瞻,并独创性地提出了全球化、国家完全统一、民族崛起和复兴大背景下的“中国法系”概念(第六章)。 一国两制自上世纪七十年代末八十年代初提出以来,大体经历了从政治构想、外交政策到宪法原则、法律制度、社会秩序状态和法治现实的发展历程.在空闻维度,一国两制在香港法治社会这一特定载体和场域中,在以冲突为基本维度,诉讼为基本平台,宪政冲突为核心的中央与特区的法制互动中,彰显出强盛的包容力及生命活力。 一国两制法治实践中法制冲突的展开,在时间上,始于香港回归后的第一个工作日,并延续至今。空间上,法庭是主要平台,立法会次之,街头则是少数人乐此不疲之所在。形式上,“香港式”的司法审查和行政诉讼是基本方式.冲突主题几乎涵盖了基本法所确立法律制度的所有方面,如中央与特区的权力分界、基本法解释、中央派驻特区机关的法律地位、国家安全、特区的违宪审查制度、特区政府的刑事检控自由裁量权、特区居民的基本权利(居留权、自由表达权、选举权、被选举权、旅游权、出入境权、性别平等权)、特区民主改革和民主化进程等。冲突主体上,中央最高权力和立法机关、中央行政机关、内地地方司法机关,特区行政、立法、司法机关,都涉于其中。因此,法制冲突结构了一国两制香港十年法治实践的基本维度,谱就了一国两制香港十年法治实践的主旋律。 从法制运行的视角,中央与特区的宪政冲突始终位居中心,其核心是“一国两制、高度自治”下中央与特区的权力划分和权力行使界限。这些权力包括立法权、法律解释权、中央与特区各自管理事务的界定和界限、司法管辖权、中央立法在特区的实施等。法制冲突对一。众所周知,“一国两制”是邓小平先生“一个国家、两种制度”理论的简称.“一国两制”既是本文的基本论说对象,也是本文的基本概念之一.从行文考虑,下文中对“一国两制”的运用,一律不再加示引号。 国两制理论自身及其物化了的法律制度形成了全方位、相当程度的冲击,反映了一国两制法治实践的曲折性,但也成就了对一国两制理论科学性、现实性、可行性和作为一项重要宪法和法律原则的证成,更使得曾经对一国两制理论和制度持观望、怀疑态度或期望一国两制失败的所有“预言”不攻自破。一国两制虽然经历了炼狱般的考验,但一国两制仍在有效地运行并将继续有效运行下去--虽然法制冲突仍在进行并将继续发生.更重要的在于,一国两制法治实践中的法制冲突,证明了一国两制作为宪法和法律原则对实现祖国完全统一的示范价值.导致法制冲突的成因是复杂的,但意识形态差异下的价值取向和价值判断以及受此影响的社会心理始终居于主导地位,法律技术、法律传统、法律方法差异下的技术性冲突往往成为冲突的表征.必须承认和面对的是,由于社会、经济、意识形态、法治状态、技术、传统和文化的差异,由于中央立法在特区的适用、中央司法机关适用香港法律等一国两制法治实践中的一些独特法制现象,同时也由于某些基本法制度设计和权力配置上的疏漏,“一国”与“两制”客观存在着固有冲突,一国两制法治实践也必然会面对一些“法理无解”的法制现象。因此,避免、缓和与解决冲突的路径和策略选择应是多样化的,立法、法律解释、中央和特区的自我约束、经由法制冲突中的互动形成的“宪法性惯例”,都可能成为选择。但“一国”和“两制”(包括体制内的机构和体制外的学界、法律界)推进相互间交流和了解,理性看待冲突,自我克制和自我约束,避免“泛政治化”、“泛意识形态化”十分重要。 剧烈的法制冲突是否意味着一国两制理论失据或制度运行失控?本文透过现代社会学冲突理论为基本分析工具的探究,答案是否定的。法制冲突推进和整合了一国两制下两制的适应与磨合,为此而支付的代价也是值得的.法制冲突彰显了两制在一国两制下法制地位和功能的定位需求,并为这种定位提供了有益的例证。法制冲突和冲突过程中的法制互动还催生和创设了一国两制下宪制运行的宪政先例.法制冲突也进一步印证了两制法制地位和功能定位的容忍度或灵活性.最后,法制冲突加速了两制的相互了解、相互理解、自我调适和融合。 剧烈的法制冲突同时说明,制度整合与完善是调控法制冲突的基本进路。首要的制度整合与完善目标应当是建立中央与特区冲突的裁判机制和程序。这与国家宪法改革的整体目标和进程密切相关并构成国家宪法改革的系统部分。在未来的国家违宪审查机构中设置特别机构是一种自然且成本较小的选择。目前的制度和体制下,可选择强化基本法委员会的职能,完善其工作程序,约束基本法委员会委员的行为,使其成为程序化、准司法化的具制度权威、获得广泛社会认同的“准司法性机构”和一国两制下法制冲突的“调整器”。这一制度和机制的建立或许还可以为国家宪法改革,建立违宪审查制度,实现所谓“宪法司法化”,提供有益的启示和经验。 一国两制下的法制冲突表征了东西方法律文化的差异和“文明冲突”的现实,但冲突的依法、合理解决也同时证成了东西方法律文明共存、融合的可能性。一国两制法治实践为走向民族和国家完全统一的中国法律制度的走向提供了范式导引。在全球化的大背景下,伴随着国家的统一与和平崛起,中华民族的伟大复兴,建基于一国两制宪法和法律原则,以“一国、两制、三法(系)、三语(言)、四(法)域”为基本存在方式,包容不同社会制度、政治意识形态、生活方式,融合东西方法律制度和文化文明,兼备不同法系的法律传统、法律技术、法律方法的“中国法系”,可能成为未来中国法律发展的进路.从“规则适应者”到“规则制定者”和“规则输出者”的历史进路,“中国法系”将伴随中国的和平崛起、中国的完全统一、中华民族的伟大复兴,巍然屹立于世界的东方,实现史无前例的辉煌,为人类物质文明、制度文明和文化文明做出积极贡献。一国两制法治实践同时拓展了中国法学的视野和触角,冲突也揭示了中国法学对一国两制不应有的某些漠视和滞后.“一国两制法学”已经具备了作为一门独立学科或分支学科的证成理由,其理论对象的确定性,理论视野和舷角的广泛性,法学方法、参与主体的多元性和国际性,研究成果的丰富和繁荣程度,丝毫不逊于中国法学在任何时期的贡献和当今中国任何一门法学学科。

学科:

法学理论

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

陈友清. 1997-2007:一国两制法治实践的法理学观察——以法制冲突为视角[D]. 西南政法大学,2007.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 1997-2007:一国两制法治实践的法理学观察——以法制冲突为视角
  • dc.title
  • 1997-2007: one of the practice of law in Jurisprudence -- from the perspective of Legal Conflict Observation
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20040000951
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 陈友清
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 行政法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 博士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学博士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2007
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 付子堂
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 行政法学院(纪检监察学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 一国两制 ;香港;法制冲突;法学理论
  • dc.subject
  • One country two systems;Hongkong;legal conflict;legal theory
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 本文以一国两制在香港十年法治实践中的法制冲突为考察对象,借助比较、典型案例解析和社会学冲突理论等分析工具,试图证明这样一个理论和实践论题:一国两制法治实践不但引发了国家结构模式的深刻变革,也为中国法律和中国法学的发展方向提供了价值和理论导引。 循历史和逻辑发展规律的研究进路,以一国两制理论及其对法学理论的贡献为历史起点,以这一理论的实践载体和场城--香港法治--为逻辑起点,本文首先提出和论证法制冲突是一国两制香港十年法治实践的基本维度这一命题(第一章),进而通过典型案例冲突主题解析,力图多维度、多视角地展现这种冲突,并进一步证成此一命题(第二章)。对法制冲突的社会、制度、意识形态和法学方法等成因探究(第三章),不但说明了冲突的不可避免,更意在为减少或至少缓和冲突提供启示。对冲突的制度、社会和理论效应的价值评判(第四章),以及对一国两制下宪政体制整合与完善的“策论”(第五章),不仅是对本文论题的证明,也在一定程度上探讨了一国两制宪政体制及其法律载体(《基本法》的整合空间。在此基础上,论文最后从现实、宪政和理论三个维度,对一国两制下法制冲突的向度进行了初浅的前瞻,并独创性地提出了全球化、国家完全统一、民族崛起和复兴大背景下的“中国法系”概念(第六章)。 一国两制自上世纪七十年代末八十年代初提出以来,大体经历了从政治构想、外交政策到宪法原则、法律制度、社会秩序状态和法治现实的发展历程.在空闻维度,一国两制在香港法治社会这一特定载体和场域中,在以冲突为基本维度,诉讼为基本平台,宪政冲突为核心的中央与特区的法制互动中,彰显出强盛的包容力及生命活力。 一国两制法治实践中法制冲突的展开,在时间上,始于香港回归后的第一个工作日,并延续至今。空间上,法庭是主要平台,立法会次之,街头则是少数人乐此不疲之所在。形式上,“香港式”的司法审查和行政诉讼是基本方式.冲突主题几乎涵盖了基本法所确立法律制度的所有方面,如中央与特区的权力分界、基本法解释、中央派驻特区机关的法律地位、国家安全、特区的违宪审查制度、特区政府的刑事检控自由裁量权、特区居民的基本权利(居留权、自由表达权、选举权、被选举权、旅游权、出入境权、性别平等权)、特区民主改革和民主化进程等。冲突主体上,中央最高权力和立法机关、中央行政机关、内地地方司法机关,特区行政、立法、司法机关,都涉于其中。因此,法制冲突结构了一国两制香港十年法治实践的基本维度,谱就了一国两制香港十年法治实践的主旋律。 从法制运行的视角,中央与特区的宪政冲突始终位居中心,其核心是“一国两制、高度自治”下中央与特区的权力划分和权力行使界限。这些权力包括立法权、法律解释权、中央与特区各自管理事务的界定和界限、司法管辖权、中央立法在特区的实施等。法制冲突对一。众所周知,“一国两制”是邓小平先生“一个国家、两种制度”理论的简称.“一国两制”既是本文的基本论说对象,也是本文的基本概念之一.从行文考虑,下文中对“一国两制”的运用,一律不再加示引号。 国两制理论自身及其物化了的法律制度形成了全方位、相当程度的冲击,反映了一国两制法治实践的曲折性,但也成就了对一国两制理论科学性、现实性、可行性和作为一项重要宪法和法律原则的证成,更使得曾经对一国两制理论和制度持观望、怀疑态度或期望一国两制失败的所有“预言”不攻自破。一国两制虽然经历了炼狱般的考验,但一国两制仍在有效地运行并将继续有效运行下去--虽然法制冲突仍在进行并将继续发生.更重要的在于,一国两制法治实践中的法制冲突,证明了一国两制作为宪法和法律原则对实现祖国完全统一的示范价值.导致法制冲突的成因是复杂的,但意识形态差异下的价值取向和价值判断以及受此影响的社会心理始终居于主导地位,法律技术、法律传统、法律方法差异下的技术性冲突往往成为冲突的表征.必须承认和面对的是,由于社会、经济、意识形态、法治状态、技术、传统和文化的差异,由于中央立法在特区的适用、中央司法机关适用香港法律等一国两制法治实践中的一些独特法制现象,同时也由于某些基本法制度设计和权力配置上的疏漏,“一国”与“两制”客观存在着固有冲突,一国两制法治实践也必然会面对一些“法理无解”的法制现象。因此,避免、缓和与解决冲突的路径和策略选择应是多样化的,立法、法律解释、中央和特区的自我约束、经由法制冲突中的互动形成的“宪法性惯例”,都可能成为选择。但“一国”和“两制”(包括体制内的机构和体制外的学界、法律界)推进相互间交流和了解,理性看待冲突,自我克制和自我约束,避免“泛政治化”、“泛意识形态化”十分重要。 剧烈的法制冲突是否意味着一国两制理论失据或制度运行失控?本文透过现代社会学冲突理论为基本分析工具的探究,答案是否定的。法制冲突推进和整合了一国两制下两制的适应与磨合,为此而支付的代价也是值得的.法制冲突彰显了两制在一国两制下法制地位和功能的定位需求,并为这种定位提供了有益的例证。法制冲突和冲突过程中的法制互动还催生和创设了一国两制下宪制运行的宪政先例.法制冲突也进一步印证了两制法制地位和功能定位的容忍度或灵活性.最后,法制冲突加速了两制的相互了解、相互理解、自我调适和融合。 剧烈的法制冲突同时说明,制度整合与完善是调控法制冲突的基本进路。首要的制度整合与完善目标应当是建立中央与特区冲突的裁判机制和程序。这与国家宪法改革的整体目标和进程密切相关并构成国家宪法改革的系统部分。在未来的国家违宪审查机构中设置特别机构是一种自然且成本较小的选择。目前的制度和体制下,可选择强化基本法委员会的职能,完善其工作程序,约束基本法委员会委员的行为,使其成为程序化、准司法化的具制度权威、获得广泛社会认同的“准司法性机构”和一国两制下法制冲突的“调整器”。这一制度和机制的建立或许还可以为国家宪法改革,建立违宪审查制度,实现所谓“宪法司法化”,提供有益的启示和经验。 一国两制下的法制冲突表征了东西方法律文化的差异和“文明冲突”的现实,但冲突的依法、合理解决也同时证成了东西方法律文明共存、融合的可能性。一国两制法治实践为走向民族和国家完全统一的中国法律制度的走向提供了范式导引。在全球化的大背景下,伴随着国家的统一与和平崛起,中华民族的伟大复兴,建基于一国两制宪法和法律原则,以“一国、两制、三法(系)、三语(言)、四(法)域”为基本存在方式,包容不同社会制度、政治意识形态、生活方式,融合东西方法律制度和文化文明,兼备不同法系的法律传统、法律技术、法律方法的“中国法系”,可能成为未来中国法律发展的进路.从“规则适应者”到“规则制定者”和“规则输出者”的历史进路,“中国法系”将伴随中国的和平崛起、中国的完全统一、中华民族的伟大复兴,巍然屹立于世界的东方,实现史无前例的辉煌,为人类物质文明、制度文明和文化文明做出积极贡献。一国两制法治实践同时拓展了中国法学的视野和触角,冲突也揭示了中国法学对一国两制不应有的某些漠视和滞后.“一国两制法学”已经具备了作为一门独立学科或分支学科的证成理由,其理论对象的确定性,理论视野和舷角的广泛性,法学方法、参与主体的多元性和国际性,研究成果的丰富和繁荣程度,丝毫不逊于中国法学在任何时期的贡献和当今中国任何一门法学学科。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Based on the two systems in Hongkong for ten years in the practice of rule by law legal conflict as the study object, by comparison, typical case analysis and social conflict theory analysis tools, trying to prove that such a theory and practice of the two topics: Practice of rule of law not only triggered a national structure mode transformation, but also for the Chinese law and Chinese law development direction offerred value and theoretical guidance. On history and logic of development law research approach, to one country two systems theory and its contributions to the theory of law as the historical starting point, the theory and practice of carrier and a city - Hongkong law - as the logical starting point, this paper puts forward and demonstrates the legal conflict is one of the Hongkong ten years the practice of rule of law are the fundamental dimensions of this one proposition ( the first chapter ), and then through the typical case of conflict analysis of themes, to multiple dimensions, much perspective to show this kind of conflict, and further to this one proposition ( the second chapter ). On the legal conflicts in social system, ideology, and legal method causes (Chapter third ), not only shows an inevitable conflict, more to reduce or at least mitigate conflict with enlightenment. On the conflict of system, the social and theoretical effect evaluation (Chapter fourth ), as well as the one country two systems under the constitutional system conformity and perfection of the" game" (Chapter fifth ), not only to the subject of this paper is that, to a certain extent on the constitutional and legal support systems (" basic" integrated space. On this basis, at the end of the paper, from the reality, the constitutional government and the theory of three dimensions, the legal conflict under one country two systems to make simple prospective, and ingenuity to make globalization, national reunification, ethnic rise and resurrection under the background of" Chinese law" concept ( the sixth chapter). One country two systems since the last century seventy time end at the beginning of eighty time since putting forward, experienced roughly from the political conception, foreign policy to the constitutional principle, legal system, social order and reality of rule of law of development. In the space dimension, one country two systems in Hongkong Law Society of this particular carrier and in the field, in order to conflict as the basic dimension as the basic platform, litigation, constitutional conflicts as the core of the central government and the HKSAR legal interaction, showing strong tolerance and vitality. One country two systems in the practice of rule by law legal conflict, at the time, began after the return of Hongkong to the first working day, and continues to this day. Space, the court is the main platform, LC time, street is few people always enjoy it lies. The form," Hongkong type " judicial review and administrative litigation is a basic way of conflict theme covers almost law established by legal system in all aspects, such as the central government and power division, the interpretation of the basic law, the central authorities in special legal status, national security, the judicial review system, the government's criminal prosecution discretion, DC residents basic rights ( the right of abode, freedom of expression, right to vote, the right to be elected, the tourism right, right, right of entry and exit of gender equality ), zone of democratic reform and democratization process. On the main body of the central conflict, the supreme authority and the legislature, the central administrative organs, the mainland local judicial organs, administrative, legislative, judicial district, which involved in. Thus, the two legal conflicts in Hongkong in ten years, the practice of rule of law the basic dimension, spectrum on the one country two systems in Hongkong in ten years, the practice of rule of law the main melody. From the legal operating angle, central government and Constitutional Conflicts always in the center, its core is" one country two systems, a high degree of autonomy" under the central government and the division of power and the exercise of power line. These powers include the legislative power, the power of legal interpretation, central government and their management of the affairs of the definition and boundaries, jurisdiction, such as the implementation of central legislation in the special zone. On legal conflict. As everyone knows," one country two systems" is Mr. Deng Xiaoping "one country, two systems" theory "for short." one country two systems" is not only the basic idea of object, and also the one of the basic concept. From the consideration of the" one country two systems", the following apply, will no longer add and quotes. One country two systems theory and its change law system that formed all-around, considerable impact, reflects one country two systems the practice of rule of law the twists, but also the achievement of one country two systems theory scientific nature, feasibility and reality, as an important constitutional and legal principles into the card, more so that to one country two systems theory and the system supports wait-and-see, suspicion or expectation of one country two systems failure of all" prophecy" collapse of itself. One country two systems although experienced purgatorial test, but the two systems are still run effectively and will continue to effectively move - although legal conflict is still in progress and will continue to happen. More importantly, one country two systems in the practice of rule by law legal conflict, proved a country two for the production of the Constitution and the legal principles to achieve the complete reunification of the motherland demonstration of value leads to legal conflict is complex, but the differences in ideology under the value orientation and value judgments and affected social psychology has been the dominant technology, law, legal tradition, legal method under different technical conflicts often become conflict characterization. Must recognize and face is, because of the social, economic, ideological, rule of law, technology, traditional and cultural differences, due to the central legislative applied in HKSAR, central judicial authorities applicable Hongkong law systems in the practice of rule by law with some unique legal phenomena, but also due to some basic system design and power allocation of the oversight," one country" and "two systems" objective existence the inherent conflict, one of the practice of rule of law will also face some" legal No solution" legal phenomenon. Therefore, avoid, relaxation and conflict resolution path and strategy selection should be diverse, legislation, legal interpretation, the central authorities and the SAR 's self-restraint, through legal conflict interact to shape the" Constitutional Convention", may be the choice. But" one country" and "two systems" ( including the system within the institution and system outside academia, law academia ) to promote mutual exchanges and understanding, and rational view of conflict, self control and self restraint, avoid" politicized"," Pan ideology" is very important. Severe legal conflict means one country two systems theory according to the operation of the system failure or out of control? This paper through modern sociological conflict theory as the basic analysis tool to explore, the answer is no.. Legal conflicts and promote the integration of the two systems under one country two systems to adapt and adjust, and to payment of the price is worth it. Legal conflicts demonstrated under one country two systems two systems in legal status and function orientation requirement, and for this location provides a useful example. Legal conflict and conflict in the process of interaction of legal system is also producing and creating the constitutional operation under one country two systems of constitutional precedent legal conflicts have further confirmed the two legal status and functional localization of tolerance or flexibility. Finally, legal conflict accelerated two-year mutual understanding, mutual understanding, self adaptation and integration. Severe legal conflicts at the same time, system integration and improve the regulation of legal conflict is the basic route. The first system integration and perfect target should be the establishment of the central government and the HKSAR conflict judge mechanism and procedure. With the country's constitutional reform and the overall objective of the process are closely related and formed the state's constitutional reform system part. In the future state constitutional review mechanism is provided with special body is a natural and smaller cost choice. The present system and system, choice of Strengthening Basic Law Committee functions, improve their working procedures, constraint Basic Law Committee behavior, make its become programmed, quasi judicial authority with system, access to a wide range of social identity in the" quasi judicial bodies" and one country two systems under the legislative conflict" regulator". The system and mechanism may also be for the state constitutional reform, establishing constitutional review system, realize the so-called" constitutional justice", offer beneficial enlightenment and experience. One nation under legal conflicts characterization of western legal culture and" civilization conflict " reality, but the conflict law, reasonable solution also permit into eastern and western legal civilization coexistence, and the possibility of fusion. The practice of rule of law for the two peoples and nations completely unified Chinese legal system to provide a paradigm oriented. In the context of globalization, with the national unity and peace rise abruptly, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, based on one of the Constitution and the law principle of" one country, two systems, with the three law, ( lines), three - ( words ), four ( Law ) domain " is the basic way of existence, tolerant of different social system, political ideology, life style, fusion of eastern and western legal system and culture, and different forms of legal tradition, legal technology, legal method of" Chinese law", could be the future of Chinese legal development approach from" rule adaptation" to the" rules " and" rules output" historical approach," Chinese law" will be accompanied by the peaceful rise of China, the complete reunification of China, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, stand as firm as a rock in the east of the world, for there was no parallel in history. The brilliant, for the human material civilization, institution civilization and cultural civilization and make positive contributions. One of the practice of rule of law and expand the Chinese jurisprudence vision and antennae, the conflict also reveals the Chinese law of one country two systems should not be ignored and some lag." One country two systems of law" has become an independent subject or branches to reason, its theory object ascertaining, theory and wide angle sex, law method, participate in main body diversity and international research results, the rich and prosperous degree, in no way inferior to Chinese law in any period of contribution and current China any subject of legal science.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D921
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-30
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2007-05-20
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