第三人利益合同研究

The interests of a third party contract research

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作者:

施丹

导师:

吴春燕

导师单位:

民商法学院(知识产权学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

债权人;债务人;第三人利益合同;合同法

摘要:

合同相对性原则作为古典契约法的一个重要原则,对经济的发展和社会的进步提供了重要的保障。然而,随着贸易的繁荣和市场经济的发达,合同关系日益复杂,合同的相对性原则不断受到冲击。作为合同相对性原则被突破的一个例证——第三人利益合同的出现决非偶然,第三人利益合同的理论研究日益成为热点。与世界各国十分重视通过立法确立第三人利益合同相反,我国法律并未明确规定第三人利益合同,理论上也研究甚少。本文运用历史分析、比较分析、价值分析、实证分析等多种研究方法,试图把握住第三人利益合同的真正内涵,挖掘出第三人利益合同背后的理跄基础,为构建我国的第三人利益合同制度提出设想,以期对我国将来修改《合同法》或制定民法典提供一定的参考。本论文由引言和六个部分组成,共三万余字。 第一部分分析第三人利益合同的概念及特征,将其与相关概念逐一加以区别。首先,文章具体阐述了第三人利益合同的以下法律特征:第三人利益合同是债权人债务人约定由债务人向第三人为给付之合同;第三人不是合同的当事人;第三人依照合同的规定,直接独立地取得合同权利;第三人通常只享有权利;第三人利益合同的订立,事先无须通知或征得第三人的同意。然后,笔者将第三人利益合同分别与美国法中的“利益第三人担保责任”、德国法中的“附保护第三人作用之契约”以及债权让与等相关概念(制度)进行了比较,以期能够对于第三人利益合同的概念作出准确的界定。 第二部分为第三人利益合同存在的根据及价值。这一部分主要包括三点内容:合同相对性原则之理念、第三人利益合同突破合同相对性原则的价值基础、第三人利益合同的价值及功能。首先,在合同相对性原则之理念中,笔者研究了相对性原则的含义及其重要性,指出合同相对性是合同法规则和制度的基础,在整个合同法理论乃至私法理论中占据十分重要的地位。其次,在第三人利益合同对合同相对性原则突破的价值基础中,笔者介绍了承认第三人利益合同合理存在的五种学说:转移说、代理说、无因管理说、承诺说、权利直接发生说。笔者认为,如果仅从法学理论本身来分析,不能从根本上揭示第三人利益合同对合同相对性突破的根源,应从社会经济关系中去寻找第三人利益合同存在的必要性。人们不应把法律看作是一个自给自足的封闭体系,而应将其与其他社会现象联系起来,法律对社会的作用应在社会实践中得到证实和检验,传统法系的封闭概念必须被打破。最后,作者分析了第三人利益合同的价值及功能。 第三部分为比较法上的考察。在这一部分中,笔者分别论述了英、美、法、德以及我国台湾地区关于第三人利益合同的规定,对上述国家和地区相关法律的历史沿革和现状作出了详细的介绍。通过对这些国家第三人利益合同法律制度的研究,从中可以看出,我国现行的法律规定不仅在实践中产生许多无法解决的问题,而且与世界各国的法律规定也显得格格不入。 第四部分为第三人利益合同的法律构造及成立要件。该部分首先分析了第三人利益合同的法律关系。补偿关系与对价关系是第三人利益合同的两个相互联系又各自独立的原因关系,但二者对第三人利益合同起着不同作用。其中,补偿关系对第三人利益合同的成立起着决定性作用。关于第三人利益合同的成立要件,笔者主要论述三点内容:债权人与债务人须有效成立合同;须以当事人以外的第三人直接取得债权为内容;第三人须确定。 第五部分为第三人利益合同的效力。该部分阐述了第三人利益合同对合同当事人及第三人均产生不同于一般合同的特殊效力。第三人的权利直接来源于合同规定,其享有履行合同的请求权及相关的赔偿请求权;债权人有请求债务人向第三人给付的权利及相关的赔偿请求权;债务人对第三人负有给付义务,也可用基于合同所产生的一切抗辩来对抗第三人。由于第三人利益合同的效力涉及第三人,故其解除的法律后果也有独特之处。 最后,文章对我国关于第三人利益合同的立法现状进行了分析,认为我国合同法第64条不是对第三人利益合同的一般规则的规定,我国法律对第三人利益合同的规定散见于《合同法》及一些特别法,但由于缺少一般性规则,导致在具体法律没有规定时,出现无法可依的局面。因此,完善我国的第三人利益合同法律规范势在必行。针对存在的问题,在参考国外法律制度的相关规定的基础上,结合我国实际,作者在文章最后提出了自己的立法建议。

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

施丹. 第三人利益合同研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2007.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 第三人利益合同研究
  • dc.title
  • The interests of a third party contract research
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 2004311
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 施丹
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2007
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 吴春燕
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 债权人 ;债务人; 第三人利益合同 ;合同法
  • dc.subject
  • Creditors;the debtor;the interests of a third party contract;Contract Law
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 合同相对性原则作为古典契约法的一个重要原则,对经济的发展和社会的进步提供了重要的保障。然而,随着贸易的繁荣和市场经济的发达,合同关系日益复杂,合同的相对性原则不断受到冲击。作为合同相对性原则被突破的一个例证——第三人利益合同的出现决非偶然,第三人利益合同的理论研究日益成为热点。与世界各国十分重视通过立法确立第三人利益合同相反,我国法律并未明确规定第三人利益合同,理论上也研究甚少。本文运用历史分析、比较分析、价值分析、实证分析等多种研究方法,试图把握住第三人利益合同的真正内涵,挖掘出第三人利益合同背后的理跄基础,为构建我国的第三人利益合同制度提出设想,以期对我国将来修改《合同法》或制定民法典提供一定的参考。本论文由引言和六个部分组成,共三万余字。 第一部分分析第三人利益合同的概念及特征,将其与相关概念逐一加以区别。首先,文章具体阐述了第三人利益合同的以下法律特征:第三人利益合同是债权人债务人约定由债务人向第三人为给付之合同;第三人不是合同的当事人;第三人依照合同的规定,直接独立地取得合同权利;第三人通常只享有权利;第三人利益合同的订立,事先无须通知或征得第三人的同意。然后,笔者将第三人利益合同分别与美国法中的“利益第三人担保责任”、德国法中的“附保护第三人作用之契约”以及债权让与等相关概念(制度)进行了比较,以期能够对于第三人利益合同的概念作出准确的界定。 第二部分为第三人利益合同存在的根据及价值。这一部分主要包括三点内容:合同相对性原则之理念、第三人利益合同突破合同相对性原则的价值基础、第三人利益合同的价值及功能。首先,在合同相对性原则之理念中,笔者研究了相对性原则的含义及其重要性,指出合同相对性是合同法规则和制度的基础,在整个合同法理论乃至私法理论中占据十分重要的地位。其次,在第三人利益合同对合同相对性原则突破的价值基础中,笔者介绍了承认第三人利益合同合理存在的五种学说:转移说、代理说、无因管理说、承诺说、权利直接发生说。笔者认为,如果仅从法学理论本身来分析,不能从根本上揭示第三人利益合同对合同相对性突破的根源,应从社会经济关系中去寻找第三人利益合同存在的必要性。人们不应把法律看作是一个自给自足的封闭体系,而应将其与其他社会现象联系起来,法律对社会的作用应在社会实践中得到证实和检验,传统法系的封闭概念必须被打破。最后,作者分析了第三人利益合同的价值及功能。 第三部分为比较法上的考察。在这一部分中,笔者分别论述了英、美、法、德以及我国台湾地区关于第三人利益合同的规定,对上述国家和地区相关法律的历史沿革和现状作出了详细的介绍。通过对这些国家第三人利益合同法律制度的研究,从中可以看出,我国现行的法律规定不仅在实践中产生许多无法解决的问题,而且与世界各国的法律规定也显得格格不入。 第四部分为第三人利益合同的法律构造及成立要件。该部分首先分析了第三人利益合同的法律关系。补偿关系与对价关系是第三人利益合同的两个相互联系又各自独立的原因关系,但二者对第三人利益合同起着不同作用。其中,补偿关系对第三人利益合同的成立起着决定性作用。关于第三人利益合同的成立要件,笔者主要论述三点内容:债权人与债务人须有效成立合同;须以当事人以外的第三人直接取得债权为内容;第三人须确定。 第五部分为第三人利益合同的效力。该部分阐述了第三人利益合同对合同当事人及第三人均产生不同于一般合同的特殊效力。第三人的权利直接来源于合同规定,其享有履行合同的请求权及相关的赔偿请求权;债权人有请求债务人向第三人给付的权利及相关的赔偿请求权;债务人对第三人负有给付义务,也可用基于合同所产生的一切抗辩来对抗第三人。由于第三人利益合同的效力涉及第三人,故其解除的法律后果也有独特之处。 最后,文章对我国关于第三人利益合同的立法现状进行了分析,认为我国合同法第64条不是对第三人利益合同的一般规则的规定,我国法律对第三人利益合同的规定散见于《合同法》及一些特别法,但由于缺少一般性规则,导致在具体法律没有规定时,出现无法可依的局面。因此,完善我国的第三人利益合同法律规范势在必行。针对存在的问题,在参考国外法律制度的相关规定的基础上,结合我国实际,作者在文章最后提出了自己的立法建议。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Contract, the principle of relativity as an important principle of classical contract law, provides an important guarantee of economic development and social progress. However, with the prosperity of trade and the market economy developed, increasingly complex contractual relationship, privity of contract principle is constantly under attack. As an example of the contract, the principle of relativity was a breakthrough - the interests of a third party contract by no means accidental, the theoretical study of the Third Party Beneficiary Contracts increasingly become a hot spot. Attaches great importance established through legislation contrary to the interests of a third person contracts with other countries in the world, our law does not specify the interests of a third party contract, theoretically little studied. In this paper the historical analysis, comparative analysis, value analysis, empirical analysis and other research methods, trying to grasp the true meaning of the Third Party Beneficiary Contracts, dig out the rationale behind stagger the basis of the interests of a third party contract to build our third the interests of the contract system is envisaged in order to provide some reference to our future to amend the Contract Act or enact Civil Code. In this thesis, the introduction and six parts, three thousand words. The first part analyzes the concept and characteristics of the Third Party Beneficiary Contracts, one by one with the related concepts to be distinguished. First, the article specifically addressed the following legal characteristics of the Third Party Beneficiary Contracts: Third Party Beneficiary Contracts creditor debtor agreed by the debtor to the third party payment contract; third person not parties to the contract; the third person in accordance with the provisions of the contract directly and independently, to obtain contractual rights; third person usually only has rights; the interests of a third party contracts entered into prior, without notice or consent of the third person. Then, I interests of a third party contract with the USA and France in the interests of a third party guarantee liability "attached to the protection of Germany and France in the 3rd person contract" and the cession concept (system) a In comparison, in order to make an accurate definition of the concept of Third Party Beneficiary Contracts. The second part is the basis and the value of Third Party Beneficiary Contracts. This section focuses on three points: the concept of contract principle of relativity, the relativity principle of Third Party Beneficiary Contracts breakthrough contract value basis, the value of the interests of a third party contract and function. First, the concept of the relativity principle of the contract, the author studied the meaning and importance of the principle of relativity, that the relativity of the contract is the contract law rules and the basis of the system, the whole theory of contract law as well as private law theory occupies a very important status. Secondly, the base of the interests of a third party contract, the value of the contract principle of relativity breakthrough, I introduced the doctrine of the five recognized that the interests of a third party contract reasonable: the right to transfer, agents for management promised that a direct say. I believe that, if only from legal theory to analyze, can not reveal the root causes of the Third Party Beneficiary Contracts Contract Relativity breakthrough fundamentally from the socio-economic relations and to find the necessity of the interests of a third party contract. People should not be legal as a self-contained closed system should be linked with other social phenomena, the legal community's role should be confirmed and tested in the social practice, the closed concept of the traditional legal systems must be broken . Finally, the authors analyzed the value of the contract and function of the interests of a third person. The third part of the investigation on the comparative law. In this section, the author discusses the provisions of the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Germany and Taiwan region of China on the interests of a third party contract, made a detailed presentation on the history and current situation of the relevant laws of these countries and regions. Contract the legal system in the interests of these countries can be seen, the current law is not only the many problems that can not be solved in practice, and looked out of place with the legal requirements of the countries in the world. The fourth part is the legal structure and the establishment of elements of the Third Party Beneficiary Contracts. The part of the first analysis of the legal relationship of the Third Party Beneficiary Contracts. Compensation relationship with the price relationship between the interests of a third party contract the two interlinked another independent relationship, but they play a different role in the Third Party Beneficiary Contracts. Among them, the compensation relationship plays a decisive role in the establishment of the Third Party Beneficiary Contracts. The establishment of elements of the interests of a third party contract, the author discusses three points: the creditor and the debtor shall be effective establishment of the contract; shall direct access to third parties other than claims for the content; the third person to be determined. Part V of the validity of the contract for the benefit of a third person. This section sets out the interests of a third party contract for the parties to the contract and the third the per capita special effect different from the general contract. Rights of third parties directly from the contract, their right to request the right to perform the contract and related compensation claims; creditors have the right to request the debtor to a third party benefits and related compensation claims; the debtor on a third party bears benefit obligation, and can also be used for all defenses based on the contract to fight. The effectiveness of the interests of a third party contract involving a third party, the legal consequences of the rescission of the unique. Finally, the article carried out analysis of the legislative status quo on the interests of a third party contract that China's Contract Law 64 is not on the interests of a third party contract, the general rules of law provisions of the contract for the interests of a third person scattered "Contract Law" and some of the special law, but the lack of a general rule, there is no legal basis does not provide specific legal situation. Perfecting the interests of a third party contract laws and regulations is imperative. Problems, on the basis of the provisions in reference to foreign legal system, combined with the reality of our country, the last article, the author put forward their own legislative proposals.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D913.0
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-06
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2007-05-23
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