危险犯若干问题研究

The Perilous number of Research

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

张利耸

导师:

陈忠林 ;陈忠林

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

危险犯;立法价值;处罚范围

摘要:

作为与实害犯相对应的犯罪,危险犯在刑法理论中占有重要的一席之地,并在实体规定上有不断增加的趋势。中外学者对危险犯的研究都投入了很大的热情,德日刑法学者对危险犯理论的研究已经形成了较为成熟的观点,但是我国大陆学者对危险犯的研究起步较晚,所以在相关问题的研究上还存在许多分歧,如在危险性质的认识、危险犯概念的表述、抽象危险犯的承认、危险犯与相关概念关系的梳理等等。本文试图通过比较的方法对危险犯相关问题进行尝试研究,以期对危险犯理论的进一步深化做出自己的贡献。 本文第一部分主要介绍了中外学者对危险犯立法价值的认识,即为了更周延的保护法益,立法者将刑法处罚范围从实际造成侵害的行为扩大到虽未造成实害但有引起实害可能性的行为,从而实现刑法对社会的更全面的保护,这是设立危险犯最根本的立法理由。 本文第二部分论述了刑法中的危险。本部分首先介绍了有关危险的基本理论。通过对行为危险说与行为人危险说以及有关危险属性学说的分析论证,笔者认为刑法中的危险是指危害行为本身所具有的使法益遭受侵害的可能性或危害行为所导致的刑法上的法益遭受损害的可能状态。它既包括行为的危险也包括结果的危险,上述定义前半句体现的是危险的行为属性,后者体现的就是危险的结果属性。其次论述了危险犯的危险。笔者通过对大陆法系相关国家以及我国刑法理论对危险犯之危险性质的认识对比分析,认为危险犯的危险作为刑法中危险的一种,更确切的应说是危险犯的危险状态,这种危险状态是客观存在的,是由行为人的行为所造成的,更重要的是危险犯的危险在法律上具有独立的规范价值,因此危险犯的危险体现的是危险的结果属性,而不是行为属性。 本文第三部分论述了危险犯的概念。首先介绍了目前大陆法系刑法学者和我国刑法学者有关危险犯概念界定的三种学说,分别是:“处罚根据说”、“犯罪成立说”、“犯罪既遂说”(即分别从犯罪成立、犯罪既遂以及犯罪处罚的角度来界定危险犯的概念)。其次通过对此三种学说的比较分析,笔者认为应摒弃“处罚根据说”和“犯罪成立说”,仍采用我国刑法学界的通说即“犯罪既遂说”。因为“处罚根据说”仅说明了危险犯的处罚理由,而理由并不等同与概念,概念表明的应是危险犯的特有的属性,而以侵害法益的危险作为处罚根据的并不都是危险犯;同样“犯罪成立说”无法解释目前实务中所存在的危险犯的未遂形态,因此应该从犯罪既遂的角度界定危险犯的概念。危险犯是指以法定危险状态的出现作为既遂标志的犯罪。最后为了更准确的界定危险犯,笔者对危险状态的判断标准进行了进一步的确定,即具体危险状态的判断应该以司法机关事后所调查的一切事实(包括所认定的行为人事前所了解的事实)为基础,以一般人认识水平为标准,站在事前的立场上,判断造成实害结果发生的可能性。 本文第四部分讨论了危险犯的分类问题。首先简要介绍危险犯的分类情况;其次讲述了危险犯中具体危险犯和抽象危险犯这一重要分类的相关问题。学者对是否能将危险犯分为具体危险犯和抽象危险犯,以及如何区分具体危险犯和抽象危险犯有着不同的见解,存在以危险程度大小和以危险是否在构成要件中规定来区别具体危险犯和抽象危险犯的观点。笔者认为不能以危险程度的大小作为区别具体危犯和抽象危险犯的标准,也不应将危险犯分为具体危险犯和抽象危险犯。因为具体危险犯的危险具有现实性,体现的是危险的结果属性(属于结果的范畴),并作为危险犯的构成要件而独立存在,而抽象危险犯的危险体现的是行为的属性(属于行为的范畴),不具有构成要件上的法律意义。危险犯应仅指具体危险犯,抽象危险犯属于行为犯的下位概念,“允许反正成立”理论不能作为区别行为犯与抽象危险犯的标准。 本文第五部分厘清了危险犯与相关概念之间的关系。首先论述危险犯与行为犯、结果犯的关系。在行为犯和结果犯的应采取何种定义问题上,本文倾向于通说的观点,即从既遂角度定义行为犯和结果犯。由于本文认为危险犯的危险体现的是危险的结果属性,而抽象危险犯的危险则体现的是行为的危险,自然得出危险犯(即具体危险犯)属结果犯,抽象危险犯属行为犯的结论。其次论述了危险犯与未遂犯的关系。 笔者认为危险犯和未遂犯的处罚根据是相同的,同时危险犯也存在有未遂形态,而刑法中大部分的危险犯本是由其对应的实害犯的未遂犯演变来的,但是危险犯作为独立的犯罪既遂形态和未遂犯还是存在着很大差别的。最后论述了危险犯和结果加重犯的关系。笔者认为危险犯可以成立结果加重犯,排斥危险犯作为结果加重犯的基本罪缺乏理论依据,而一个基本罪是否存在结果加重犯只是立法技术的问题。

学科:

刑法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

张利耸. 危险犯若干问题研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2007.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 危险犯若干问题研究
  • dc.title
  • The Perilous number of Research
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 2004137
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 张利耸
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2007
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 陈忠林;陈忠林
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 危险犯 ;立法价值 ;处罚范围
  • dc.subject
  • Perilous ;Legislative value ;Harmful behavior
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 作为与实害犯相对应的犯罪,危险犯在刑法理论中占有重要的一席之地,并在实体规定上有不断增加的趋势。中外学者对危险犯的研究都投入了很大的热情,德日刑法学者对危险犯理论的研究已经形成了较为成熟的观点,但是我国大陆学者对危险犯的研究起步较晚,所以在相关问题的研究上还存在许多分歧,如在危险性质的认识、危险犯概念的表述、抽象危险犯的承认、危险犯与相关概念关系的梳理等等。本文试图通过比较的方法对危险犯相关问题进行尝试研究,以期对危险犯理论的进一步深化做出自己的贡献。 本文第一部分主要介绍了中外学者对危险犯立法价值的认识,即为了更周延的保护法益,立法者将刑法处罚范围从实际造成侵害的行为扩大到虽未造成实害但有引起实害可能性的行为,从而实现刑法对社会的更全面的保护,这是设立危险犯最根本的立法理由。 本文第二部分论述了刑法中的危险。本部分首先介绍了有关危险的基本理论。通过对行为危险说与行为人危险说以及有关危险属性学说的分析论证,笔者认为刑法中的危险是指危害行为本身所具有的使法益遭受侵害的可能性或危害行为所导致的刑法上的法益遭受损害的可能状态。它既包括行为的危险也包括结果的危险,上述定义前半句体现的是危险的行为属性,后者体现的就是危险的结果属性。其次论述了危险犯的危险。笔者通过对大陆法系相关国家以及我国刑法理论对危险犯之危险性质的认识对比分析,认为危险犯的危险作为刑法中危险的一种,更确切的应说是危险犯的危险状态,这种危险状态是客观存在的,是由行为人的行为所造成的,更重要的是危险犯的危险在法律上具有独立的规范价值,因此危险犯的危险体现的是危险的结果属性,而不是行为属性。 本文第三部分论述了危险犯的概念。首先介绍了目前大陆法系刑法学者和我国刑法学者有关危险犯概念界定的三种学说,分别是:“处罚根据说”、“犯罪成立说”、“犯罪既遂说”(即分别从犯罪成立、犯罪既遂以及犯罪处罚的角度来界定危险犯的概念)。其次通过对此三种学说的比较分析,笔者认为应摒弃“处罚根据说”和“犯罪成立说”,仍采用我国刑法学界的通说即“犯罪既遂说”。因为“处罚根据说”仅说明了危险犯的处罚理由,而理由并不等同与概念,概念表明的应是危险犯的特有的属性,而以侵害法益的危险作为处罚根据的并不都是危险犯;同样“犯罪成立说”无法解释目前实务中所存在的危险犯的未遂形态,因此应该从犯罪既遂的角度界定危险犯的概念。危险犯是指以法定危险状态的出现作为既遂标志的犯罪。最后为了更准确的界定危险犯,笔者对危险状态的判断标准进行了进一步的确定,即具体危险状态的判断应该以司法机关事后所调查的一切事实(包括所认定的行为人事前所了解的事实)为基础,以一般人认识水平为标准,站在事前的立场上,判断造成实害结果发生的可能性。 本文第四部分讨论了危险犯的分类问题。首先简要介绍危险犯的分类情况;其次讲述了危险犯中具体危险犯和抽象危险犯这一重要分类的相关问题。学者对是否能将危险犯分为具体危险犯和抽象危险犯,以及如何区分具体危险犯和抽象危险犯有着不同的见解,存在以危险程度大小和以危险是否在构成要件中规定来区别具体危险犯和抽象危险犯的观点。笔者认为不能以危险程度的大小作为区别具体危犯和抽象危险犯的标准,也不应将危险犯分为具体危险犯和抽象危险犯。因为具体危险犯的危险具有现实性,体现的是危险的结果属性(属于结果的范畴),并作为危险犯的构成要件而独立存在,而抽象危险犯的危险体现的是行为的属性(属于行为的范畴),不具有构成要件上的法律意义。危险犯应仅指具体危险犯,抽象危险犯属于行为犯的下位概念,“允许反正成立”理论不能作为区别行为犯与抽象危险犯的标准。 本文第五部分厘清了危险犯与相关概念之间的关系。首先论述危险犯与行为犯、结果犯的关系。在行为犯和结果犯的应采取何种定义问题上,本文倾向于通说的观点,即从既遂角度定义行为犯和结果犯。由于本文认为危险犯的危险体现的是危险的结果属性,而抽象危险犯的危险则体现的是行为的危险,自然得出危险犯(即具体危险犯)属结果犯,抽象危险犯属行为犯的结论。其次论述了危险犯与未遂犯的关系。 笔者认为危险犯和未遂犯的处罚根据是相同的,同时危险犯也存在有未遂形态,而刑法中大部分的危险犯本是由其对应的实害犯的未遂犯演变来的,但是危险犯作为独立的犯罪既遂形态和未遂犯还是存在着很大差别的。最后论述了危险犯和结果加重犯的关系。笔者认为危险犯可以成立结果加重犯,排斥危险犯作为结果加重犯的基本罪缺乏理论依据,而一个基本罪是否存在结果加重犯只是立法技术的问题。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • As corresponding to the crime with real harm committed, Perilous occupies an important place in the theory of criminal law, and substantive provisions, on a rising trend. Perilous, the Chinese and foreign scholars have invested a great deal of enthusiasm, German and Japanese criminal law scholars Perilous theory has formed a more mature point of view, but the Chinese mainland scholars Perilous late start, so the issues related to research, there are many differences, such as awareness of the dangerous nature of the the Perilous concept expressed, recognition of abstract Perilous Perilous and the concept of the relationship between comb. This paper attempts to Perilous related issues through the comparative method to try to study with a view to further deepening of the Perilous theory to make its own contribution. The first section introduces the understanding of Chinese and foreign scholars on the the Perilous legislative value, that in order to more comprehensive protection of legal interests, legislators, criminal law penalties range from the behavior of the actual cause against expanded to not resulted in any real harm, but the possibility to cause real harm behavior, in order to achieve more comprehensive protection of the criminal law to society, which is set up the Perilous most fundamental reasons for the legislative. In the second part discusses the danger of criminal law. This section first introduces the basic theory about the danger. Behavioral risk, said the risk of the perpetrator that as well as the risk of property theory analysis of argumentation, I believe that criminal law danger is refers to the harmful behavior itself, which has the enable method benefits suffered against the possibility or harm behavior which led to the punishment legal method benefits suffer damage as possible states. It includes the behavior of risk including the risk of results, the first phrase embodied in the above definition is a dangerous act of the property, which reflects the danger is the result of property. Second, it discusses the danger of Perilous. Through the analysis of civil law countries and China's criminal law theory understanding of the dangerous nature of the Potential Damage of comparison, as a dangerous form of criminal law, more precisely, I should say that the risk of Perilous Perilous dangerous state, dangerous state is an objective reality, is caused by the behavior of the perpetrator is more important is the Danger of The Dangerous legally independent normative value, so the danger embodied in Perilous is the dangerous result of property, rather than the behavior properties. The third part discusses the the Perilous concept. First introduced the three defined doctrine in civil law criminal law scholars and the Perilous concept of China's criminal law scholars, are: "Punishment said," Crime, "completed" crime (ie, were established from the crime, expression for a crime, and criminal punishment point of view to define the concept of the Perilous). Followed by comparative analysis of this three theories, I believe that should be abandoned "Punishment and Crime said," is still of the criminal law field, Tong said that "the crime consummated said. Because "punishment according to said" only shows the Perilous punishment reasons, but the reason is not the same concepts, concepts that should be the unique attributes of the Perilous, while not dangerous to the punishment according to the risk of infringement of legal interests as guilty; the same "Crime" unexplained exist in practice Dangerous Form of Attempted Perilous concept and should therefore be defined from the perspective of crime accomplishment. Perilous is the statutory dangerous state of the completed signs of crime. Finally, in order to more accurately define the Perilous, the author of the dangerous state criteria further to determine the behavior of personnel identified specific hazardous state should be judged all the facts after the investigation by the judiciary (including prior understanding of facts ), based on the general level of awareness as the standard, standing on the prior position to determine the likelihood of causing real harm. The fourth section discusses the the Perilous classification problem. Briefly introduces the classification of the Perilous; followed by about specific Perilous Dangerous Offences and abstract to Perilous this important classification problem. Potential Damage of scholars on whether it can be divided into specific Perilous and abstract Perilous, and how to distinguish between specific Perilous and abstract Perilous different views, there are provisions to distinguish dangerous to the size of the degree of risk and dangerous in the Elements offenders and abstract Dangerous point of view. I believe that not the size of the degree of risk as the difference between the specific Crininals and abstract Dangerous standards, should not Perilous specific Perilous and abstract Perilous. Exist independently of the specific risk of Dangerous reality, embodied in the dangerous result of property (belonging to the scope of the results), and as a Perilous Elements abstract Dangerous dangerous reflected in the behavior of properties (of the behavior category), not a constitutive elements of legal significance. Should refer only to the specific Perilous Perilous abstract Perilous are acts committed under the concept "allows anyway to set up a" standard theory can not be committed as a difference between behavior and abstract Dangerous. Part V of this paper to clarify the relationship between the Perilous and related concepts. The first discusses the Perilous and behavior of prisoners, the results of committed relationship. Guilty of the acts committed and the results should be taken on what the definition of the problem, this paper tend to pass to said point of view, define the acts committed and the result of guilty from the completed angle. This article Perilous danger embodied in a dangerous result attributes, abstract Dangerous danger is reflected is the danger of acts of nature come to the Perilous (ie the Perilous) is the result of guilty, abstract Perilous the case of acts committed conclusions. Second, it discusses the Perilous attempts to commit. I think Perilous and attempted to commit based on the same punishment, Perilous also attempted form of criminal law in most of the Perilous this is the real harm by their corresponding committed attempts to commit the evolution, but Perilous as a separate crime consummated form and attempted to commit, or there are significant differences. Discusses the relationship of Potential Damage and consequential offense. The author believes that the the Perilous consequential offense can be established, lack of theoretical basis for exclusion Perilous as the basic sin of consequential offense, a basic crime of whether there is a consequential offense only a legislative technique.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D914
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-06
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2007-05-22
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