税收征管、财政压力与企业融资约束

Tax Enforcement Activities, Fiscal Pressure and Firms' Financial Constraints

传播影响力
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归属学者:

于文超

作者:

于文超 ;殷华 ;梁平汉

摘要:

税务部门在税收征管环节的征管弹性带来行政负担,作用于企业感知的实际税负,进而影响企业的现金流和融资约束。本文基于世界银行2012年中国企业调查数据,利用企业层面的税务检查信息刻画税收征管活动强度,考察了税务部门的税收征管活动对于企业融资约束的影响,以及地方政府财政压力在其中的作用。研究发现,税收征管活动加剧了企业融资约束。平均而言,接受了税务检查的企业,其经营遇到融资障碍的可能性上升14%,但是法制环境的改善可以显著减弱这一负面效应。地方政府此前一年财政盈余水平越低,辖区内企业当年面临税务检查的概率和次数则越高。工具变量估计和稳健性检验仍然支持这一结论。进一步分析显示,税收征管活动显著恶化了民营企业的融资约束,提高了企业的主观税负和非正规活动支出。这表明,不规范、具有弹性的税收征管活动确实影响企业经营。本文为深入理解税收征管活动对企业经营影响提供了新的微观证据,也为当前阶段深化税收制度改革、健全地方税体系和规范税收征管活动提供了政策启示。

语种:

中文

出版日期:

2018-01-15

学科:

产业经济学; 财政学

收录:

CSSCI

提交日期

2018-05-17

引用参考

于文超;殷华;梁平汉. 税收征管、财政压力与企业融资约束[J]. 中国工业经济,2018(01):100-118.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 税收征管、财政压力与企业融资约束
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 于文超;殷华;梁平汉
  • dc.contributor.author
  • YU Wen-chao;YIN Hua;LIANG Ping-han;School of Economics of Southwest University of Political Science & Law;School of Shanghai Development of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics;School of Government of Sun Yat-sen University
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 西南政法大学经济学院;上海财经大学上海发展研究院;中山大学中国公共管理研究中心;中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院;
  • dc.publisher
  • 中国工业经济
  • dc.publisher
  • China Industrial Economics
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2018
  • dc.identifier.issue
  • 01
  • dc.identifier.volume
  • No.358
  • dc.identifier.page
  • 100-118
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2018-01-15
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 税收征管;;财政压力;;融资约束
  • dc.subject
  • tax enforcement;;fiscal pressure;;financial constraints
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 税务部门在税收征管环节的征管弹性带来行政负担,作用于企业感知的实际税负,进而影响企业的现金流和融资约束。本文基于世界银行2012年中国企业调查数据,利用企业层面的税务检查信息刻画税收征管活动强度,考察了税务部门的税收征管活动对于企业融资约束的影响,以及地方政府财政压力在其中的作用。研究发现,税收征管活动加剧了企业融资约束。平均而言,接受了税务检查的企业,其经营遇到融资障碍的可能性上升14%,但是法制环境的改善可以显著减弱这一负面效应。地方政府此前一年财政盈余水平越低,辖区内企业当年面临税务检查的概率和次数则越高。工具变量估计和稳健性检验仍然支持这一结论。进一步分析显示,税收征管活动显著恶化了民营企业的融资约束,提高了企业的主观税负和非正规活动支出。这表明,不规范、具有弹性的税收征管活动确实影响企业经营。本文为深入理解税收征管活动对企业经营影响提供了新的微观证据,也为当前阶段深化税收制度改革、健全地方税体系和规范税收征管活动提供了政策启示。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The discretionary power of the taxation authorities creates the administrative burden, and affects the perceived real tax burden of firms, consequently the firms' cash flow and financial constraints. This paper employs the World Bank's Chinese Firm Survey in 2012, constructs a measure of the firm-level tax enforcement activities based on the firm-level tax examination information, and examines the impact of tax enforcement activities on firms' financing activity under the background of fiscal pressure. The results suggest that stricter tax enforcement is significantly associated with stronger financial constraints. On average, the firms that receive tax examination are14% more likely to have financial constraints in operations. But this negative effect is mitigated by the legal environment. Meanwhile, when the local government's financial surplus is lower in the previous year, the firms are significantly more likely to receive tax examination, and are more frequently visited by the tax enforcement authorities. Further, this paper shows that tax enforcement significantly deteriorates the private firms' financial constraints, and raises the firms' real tax burden and rent-seeking expenditure, indicating that the irregular and flexible tax enforcement negatively affects firm operations. This paper not only provides us with the new micro-evidence to understand deeply the economic effects of tax enforcement, but also the policy suggestions to promote the reform of tax administration, improve local tax system and standardize tax enforcement activities.
  • dc.description.sponsorship
  • 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“创新驱动与政府角色”(批准号16JJD630009);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目“地方官员更替对企业避税的影响及其机制研究”(批准号16YJC790129);; 国家自然科学基金青年项目“科层体制、实际权力结构与地方政府行为:理论与实证研究”(批准号71503208)
  • dc.description.sponsorshipsource
  • 国家自然科学基金
  • dc.identifier.CN
  • 11-3536/F
  • dc.identifier.issn
  • 1006-480X
  • dc.identifier.if
  • 6.219
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • F275;F812.42
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