小额贷款公司法律制度的立法后评估

The Post-enactment Evaluation of Small Loan Companies' Legal System

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作者:

刘骏

导师:

王煜宇

导师单位:

经济法学院(生态法学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

小额贷款公司;制度内容;制度效果

摘要:

立法后评估被认为是提高立法质量、改进制度设计的有效途径。十八届三中全会关于深化改革的决议中特别提出要构建科学的法治建设指标体系和考评标准,这对立法评估提出明确的要求;新的《立法法》也为立法后评估提供了法律依据;就此展开实证研究正逢其时。我国农村金融体制改革是一个由政府主导的强制性制度变迁过程,走的是一条“自上而下”的以正规金融机构市场化发展为主线的路径,小额贷款公司就是强制性制度变革的产物之一。在这一制度体系下小额贷款公司发展成效显著,但是也存在较多问题,小额贷款公司作为新一轮农村金融改革的“拟制产品”,其实际运行状况与制度体系关系密切。当前,小额贷款公司全国性的制度构建已经正在开展,所以有必要对先前的法律制度进行一个全面评估。对小额贷款公司法律制度进行立法后评估,不仅可以检验小额贷款公司的法律制度供给质量,检测小额贷款公司法律制度的实施效果,也能够改进小额贷款公司监管水平、提高运营质量、降低运营风险。建立全面、科学、公正的评估体系是对小额贷款公司法律制度进行评估的关键。对此,本文分为三个部分来进行展开:第一部分综合国内外现有立法后评估以及经济学上的制度绩效评估的理论和方法,本文设计了一个包含制度内容、制度效果的评估体系。制度内容评估主要是对小额贷款公司法律制度的文本质量进行评估;制度效果评估主要是对小额贷款公司法律制度实施后能否能够实现制度目标、制度实施对社会干预是否发挥作用等进行评估。两个评估体系各有侧重,并根据小额贷款公司的自身特点,明确了相关评估的具体指标。第二部分运用该评估体系对小额贷款公司法律制度进行综合评估的结果发现:(1)小额贷款公司法律制度内容存在合法性瑕疵、规范性不足、强制力缺乏、各制度协调性不够、可操作性有限等问题,即制度内容设计较不合理;(2)现行制度下,小额贷款公司面临盈利能力不强、融资难等可持续发展困境,在满足农村金融需求、促进金融竞争、缓解金融抑制的作用有限,制度效果不佳。第三部分根据第二部分的立法后评估结论反思了小额贷款公司法律制度存在的制度缺陷,并据此对以银监会和中国人民银行的分别起草的新一轮的立法草案进行了简要评析,最后提出了小额贷款公司法律制度完善的具体框架,具体包括提高立法的科学性、合理平衡立法中的各方利益、引入目标激励性制度、确立法律实施的监督约束机制四个部分。

学科:

经济法学

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

刘骏. 小额贷款公司法律制度的立法后评估[D]. 西南政法大学,2016.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 小额贷款公司法律制度的立法后评估
  • dc.title
  • The Post-enactment Evaluation of Small Loan Companies' Legal System
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20130301070702
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 刘骏
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2016
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 王煜宇
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 小额贷款公司;制度内容;制度效果
  • dc.subject
  • small loan companies;the legal system;institutional content
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 立法后评估被认为是提高立法质量、改进制度设计的有效途径。十八届三中全会关于深化改革的决议中特别提出要构建科学的法治建设指标体系和考评标准,这对立法评估提出明确的要求;新的《立法法》也为立法后评估提供了法律依据;就此展开实证研究正逢其时。我国农村金融体制改革是一个由政府主导的强制性制度变迁过程,走的是一条“自上而下”的以正规金融机构市场化发展为主线的路径,小额贷款公司就是强制性制度变革的产物之一。在这一制度体系下小额贷款公司发展成效显著,但是也存在较多问题,小额贷款公司作为新一轮农村金融改革的“拟制产品”,其实际运行状况与制度体系关系密切。当前,小额贷款公司全国性的制度构建已经正在开展,所以有必要对先前的法律制度进行一个全面评估。对小额贷款公司法律制度进行立法后评估,不仅可以检验小额贷款公司的法律制度供给质量,检测小额贷款公司法律制度的实施效果,也能够改进小额贷款公司监管水平、提高运营质量、降低运营风险。建立全面、科学、公正的评估体系是对小额贷款公司法律制度进行评估的关键。对此,本文分为三个部分来进行展开:第一部分综合国内外现有立法后评估以及经济学上的制度绩效评估的理论和方法,本文设计了一个包含制度内容、制度效果的评估体系。制度内容评估主要是对小额贷款公司法律制度的文本质量进行评估;制度效果评估主要是对小额贷款公司法律制度实施后能否能够实现制度目标、制度实施对社会干预是否发挥作用等进行评估。两个评估体系各有侧重,并根据小额贷款公司的自身特点,明确了相关评估的具体指标。第二部分运用该评估体系对小额贷款公司法律制度进行综合评估的结果发现:(1)小额贷款公司法律制度内容存在合法性瑕疵、规范性不足、强制力缺乏、各制度协调性不够、可操作性有限等问题,即制度内容设计较不合理;(2)现行制度下,小额贷款公司面临盈利能力不强、融资难等可持续发展困境,在满足农村金融需求、促进金融竞争、缓解金融抑制的作用有限,制度效果不佳。第三部分根据第二部分的立法后评估结论反思了小额贷款公司法律制度存在的制度缺陷,并据此对以银监会和中国人民银行的分别起草的新一轮的立法草案进行了简要评析,最后提出了小额贷款公司法律制度完善的具体框架,具体包括提高立法的科学性、合理平衡立法中的各方利益、引入目标激励性制度、确立法律实施的监督约束机制四个部分。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The post-enactment evaluation of legal institutions is considered to be an effective way to improve quality of legislation and promote design of institutions. The resolution of deepening reform made in the Third Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the CPC asking for establishing scientific indicator system and assessment standards, which needs to take specific actions. The new "Legislation Law" also provide a legal basis for the post-enactment evaluation. Therefore, it is very time to take empirical research on evaluation of legal institutions.The reform of rural financing system in China is a mandatory changing process dominated by government, which is characterized by the top-to-down developmental line and marketization of formal financial institutions. Small Loan Company is one of the results of the mandatory institutional reform of China and is developing and growing efficiently, but there are many problems exposed. As a “fictional product” of the new-round rural financing system reform, the actual optional conditions of Small Loan Company is rather closed to current rural financing system. Nowadays, the overall institutional development of Small Loan Company cross the country has been launched, so it is a necessity to evaluate the former legal institutions comprehensively. To take institutional evaluation on Small Loan Company is able to not only examine the validity of institutional supply and implementation effect of Small Loan Company institutions, also improve the supervision standards and operational efficiency and lower operational risk. Therefore, it is rather important to establish a comprehensive and scientific and impartial evaluation system for evaluating the Small Loan Company institutions. This paper is designed into three parts to evaluate Small Loan Company institutions.The first part refers to legislation evaluation, institution evaluation of economics, theories and methods of legal effect evaluation in China and aboard. This paper designs a l evaluation system including contents and effect of Small Loan Company institutions. The evaluation of institutional contents is concerning mainly the text quality of Small Loan Company legal institutions. The evaluation of institutional effect is concerning mainly if the institutional goal can be achieved or not and if institutional implementation can take an effect on social intervention. The evaluation systems have specific emphasis, in accordance with characteristics of Small Loan Company, clear and definite specific indexes of relevant evaluations.The second part employs the evaluation system to the institutions of Small Loan Company and find out:(a) the relevant institutions of Small Loan Company have the following problems: defect of illegality, deficiency of regulations, and lack of coercive force and operability and coordination between different institutions, i.e. designs of institutional contents are not reasonable;(b) under the current institutional arrangement, Small Loan Company is cornered by the sustainable development predicaments that are weak profitability, financing difficulty and etc., which leads to the poor institutional effects that cannot make Small Loan Company meet financing requirement of rural areas, intensify financial competitions and remit financial suppression.The third part based on the conclusions of the second part to reflect the institutional flaws of small loan company legal system. Combining the former conclusions, this paper takes a brief assessment of the respective institutional texts drafted by the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the People's Bank of China represent a new-round legislative trend, and proposes relevant specific framework mainly containing more scientific legislation and reasonable balance of interests of all parties, the introduction of target incentive system, supervision and restraint mechanisms.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D922.282
  • dc.description.sponsorship
  • 国家社科基金;
  • dc.description.sponsorshipsource
  • 国家社会科学基金
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-23
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