论司法推理与法官价值判断

On the Judicial Reasoning and Judge the Value Judgment

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作者:

胡相红

导师:

卢景德

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

司法推理;价值判断;局限与不足;衡平与约束

摘要:

我国几十年来的司法制度重实体轻程序,重结果轻分析,法官注重以演绎为模式的三段论推理,而在司法推理过程中,不可避免的渗入法官的价值判断。法官如何价进行值判断及如何对其进行约束是亟需界定的,同样以形式逻辑推理为框架,以实质推理为内容的司法推理体系也是亟待建构的。在二者之间,应该存在这样一个路径,可以使其和谐得结合在一起,相得益彰,相辅相成,实现二者的有机平衡。 纵观全文,共分为五个部分,分别从法官在司法实践如何进行法律推理与法官如何运用价值判断,以及如何对法官价值判断进行衡平与约束等三个主要方面展开论述。其中引言部分主要阐述了我国目前司法推理以及法官价值判断的研究现状,着重为下文的论述进行铺垫。 文章的第一部分,主要阐述了司法推理的含义和主要特征,以及形式司法推理和实质司法推理的分类。其中分别从三个方面,即司法推理本质上是一种理性思维活动,其具有与生俱来的实践性品格,以及其推理过程具有内在的一致性对司法推理的特征展开论述。本部分还对司法推理的种类进行了区分,即分为形式司法推理和实质司法推理。文章指出,形式司法推理是法官审判活动的基石,而推理过程中是否掺杂着法官的价值判断是区分形式司法推理与实质司法推理的重要标准。法官在某些特定的情形下,不可避免的要进行价值判断,这是法官面对具体的个案时,为获得合理公正的司法判决的必然选择。 文章的第二部分,主要对司法实践中的法官价值判断进行论述,该部分首先从价值判断的含义以及性质进行切入,在哲学范畴内界定了对价值概念的内涵进行了科学的界定。其次,本部分又接着论述了法官价值判断的必要性、客观性、主观性三个主要特征。其中对于法官价值判断的客观性,主要结合价值的客观性来进行论证,文章指出虽然法官价值判断具有不可避免的主观性,但是它也受种种客观因素的制约。再次,文章又详细阐述了法官价值判断之过程,即法官首先培养自己灵敏的法律感觉,然后依据自己的法律感将价值判断客观化、合理化。最后,文章又论述司法实践中法官价值判断的功能,即发现功能、比较选择功能、归类功能、定性裁量和价值指引功能。 文章的第三和第四部分是本文的重点论述部分,首先,文章主要论述法官司法推理的思维进路,即法官在司法实践中如何构建司法推理的大前提和形成小前提,进而得出裁判结论的典型的演绎推理模式。其次,对于法官在司法实践中是如何进行价值判断的,分别沿着司法推理的逻辑框架,即从司法推理的大前提、小前提、裁判结论三个方面对此展开论述。本部分的重点主要集中在司法推理小前提的形成以及司法推理的大小前提与法官价值判断的关系三个方面。法官构建司法推理的小前提的过程,主要是建立在对案件事实确认基础上的司法归类过程。而在此过程中,司法归类是核心环节,且法官价值判断贯穿始终。法官寻找司法推理大前提的过程也离不开价值判断,不论是存在明确的法律规范还是法律规范过于抽象无法适用,法官都需要对此进行价值比较与选择,其本质就是法官为案件找法的过程。 文章的第五部分是本文的结尾部分,也是本文的创新之处。通过前文的论述,我们已经知道,司法实践中法官进行价值判断已是家常便饭,根本无法避免。但是如何对法官价值判断进行衡平与约束,又是摆在我国法制建设中的一大难题。若不对其进行约束,必然对我国的法制进程产生不利的影响。这就要求我们对此进行一些有益的探索。该部分首先概括指出法官价值判断之局限与不足,然后在理论和实践两个主要层面对如何衡平与约束法官价值判断展开了论述。在理论层面,主要是尝试对法官价值判断进行体系化与标准化衡平,通过构筑法官的法律信念之网,创造法律价值体系,为法官进行价值判断时提供切实可行的操作标准。在实践层面,要坚持形式司法推理过程中逻辑规则的必要性和基础性,以及以实质司法推理中的法官价值判断的辅助性原则,通过进一步完善制度建设,提高法官的业务水平和职业素养,为社会主义法制建设探索一条和谐法治之路。

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

胡相红. 论司法推理与法官价值判断[D]. 西南政法大学,2012.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 论司法推理与法官价值判断
  • dc.title
  • On the Judicial Reasoning and Judge the Value Judgment
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20090301210835
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 胡相红
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2012
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 卢景德
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 司法推理;;价值判断;;局限与不足;;衡平与约束
  • dc.subject
  • judicial reasoning;;value judgment;;limitations;;balance and constraint
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 我国几十年来的司法制度重实体轻程序,重结果轻分析,法官注重以演绎为模式的三段论推理,而在司法推理过程中,不可避免的渗入法官的价值判断。法官如何价进行值判断及如何对其进行约束是亟需界定的,同样以形式逻辑推理为框架,以实质推理为内容的司法推理体系也是亟待建构的。在二者之间,应该存在这样一个路径,可以使其和谐得结合在一起,相得益彰,相辅相成,实现二者的有机平衡。 纵观全文,共分为五个部分,分别从法官在司法实践如何进行法律推理与法官如何运用价值判断,以及如何对法官价值判断进行衡平与约束等三个主要方面展开论述。其中引言部分主要阐述了我国目前司法推理以及法官价值判断的研究现状,着重为下文的论述进行铺垫。 文章的第一部分,主要阐述了司法推理的含义和主要特征,以及形式司法推理和实质司法推理的分类。其中分别从三个方面,即司法推理本质上是一种理性思维活动,其具有与生俱来的实践性品格,以及其推理过程具有内在的一致性对司法推理的特征展开论述。本部分还对司法推理的种类进行了区分,即分为形式司法推理和实质司法推理。文章指出,形式司法推理是法官审判活动的基石,而推理过程中是否掺杂着法官的价值判断是区分形式司法推理与实质司法推理的重要标准。法官在某些特定的情形下,不可避免的要进行价值判断,这是法官面对具体的个案时,为获得合理公正的司法判决的必然选择。 文章的第二部分,主要对司法实践中的法官价值判断进行论述,该部分首先从价值判断的含义以及性质进行切入,在哲学范畴内界定了对价值概念的内涵进行了科学的界定。其次,本部分又接着论述了法官价值判断的必要性、客观性、主观性三个主要特征。其中对于法官价值判断的客观性,主要结合价值的客观性来进行论证,文章指出虽然法官价值判断具有不可避免的主观性,但是它也受种种客观因素的制约。再次,文章又详细阐述了法官价值判断之过程,即法官首先培养自己灵敏的法律感觉,然后依据自己的法律感将价值判断客观化、合理化。最后,文章又论述司法实践中法官价值判断的功能,即发现功能、比较选择功能、归类功能、定性裁量和价值指引功能。 文章的第三和第四部分是本文的重点论述部分,首先,文章主要论述法官司法推理的思维进路,即法官在司法实践中如何构建司法推理的大前提和形成小前提,进而得出裁判结论的典型的演绎推理模式。其次,对于法官在司法实践中是如何进行价值判断的,分别沿着司法推理的逻辑框架,即从司法推理的大前提、小前提、裁判结论三个方面对此展开论述。本部分的重点主要集中在司法推理小前提的形成以及司法推理的大小前提与法官价值判断的关系三个方面。法官构建司法推理的小前提的过程,主要是建立在对案件事实确认基础上的司法归类过程。而在此过程中,司法归类是核心环节,且法官价值判断贯穿始终。法官寻找司法推理大前提的过程也离不开价值判断,不论是存在明确的法律规范还是法律规范过于抽象无法适用,法官都需要对此进行价值比较与选择,其本质就是法官为案件找法的过程。 文章的第五部分是本文的结尾部分,也是本文的创新之处。通过前文的论述,我们已经知道,司法实践中法官进行价值判断已是家常便饭,根本无法避免。但是如何对法官价值判断进行衡平与约束,又是摆在我国法制建设中的一大难题。若不对其进行约束,必然对我国的法制进程产生不利的影响。这就要求我们对此进行一些有益的探索。该部分首先概括指出法官价值判断之局限与不足,然后在理论和实践两个主要层面对如何衡平与约束法官价值判断展开了论述。在理论层面,主要是尝试对法官价值判断进行体系化与标准化衡平,通过构筑法官的法律信念之网,创造法律价值体系,为法官进行价值判断时提供切实可行的操作标准。在实践层面,要坚持形式司法推理过程中逻辑规则的必要性和基础性,以及以实质司法推理中的法官价值判断的辅助性原则,通过进一步完善制度建设,提高法官的业务水平和职业素养,为社会主义法制建设探索一条和谐法治之路。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Our country a few years to the judicial system of substantive procedures, heavy resultlight analysis, judge pay attention to deduce for patterns of syllogistic reasoning, while in theprocess of judicial reasoning, inevitably into the judges' value judgments. The judge how theprice for the value judgment and how the constraints are needed to define the, similarly toformal logic as a framework, with substantial reasoning for the content of the judicialreasoning system is also to be constructed. In two, there should be a path, can make itsharmony together, complement each other, complementary, achieve two organic balance. Throughout this paper, divided into five parts, separately from the judges in the judicialpractice how to carry out the law reasoning and judge how to apply value judgments, and howto judge the value judgment of equity and constraints such as the three main aspects. Theintroduction part mainly elaborated our country current judicial reasoning and judge the valuejudgment of current research, mainly for the following chapters to pave the way. The first part of the article, mainly expounds the meaning and main characteristics ofjudicial reasoning, as well as the form of judicial reasoning and substantive justice reasoningclassification. Which respectively from three aspects, namely the judicial reasoning isessentially a kind of rational thinking activity, which has inherent practical character, as wellas the reasoning process is consistent with the characteristics of judicial reasoning isdiscussed. This part also on judicial reasoning types are distinguished, namely into the formof judicial reasoning and the essence of judicial reasoning. The article points out, the form ofjudicial reasoning of judges is the cornerstone of activities, and the reasoning process ismixed with the value judgment is the distinction between forms of judicial reasoning andessence of the important standard of judicial reasoning. The judge in certain circumstances,want inevitably to value judgments, which is the judge in a specific case, in order to obtainthe reasonable and fair judicial judgment inevitable choice. The second part of the article, mainly on the value judgment in judicial practice arediscussed in this paper, firstly the value judgment and the meaning of nature were cut in thephilosophy category, defined the connotation of the concept of value of a scientific definition.Secondly, this part and then the judges discussed the value judgment of the necessity ofobjectivity, subjectivity, three main characteristics. The justice value judgment objectivity, mainly with the objectivity of value to carry out feasibility studies, the article pointed out thatalthough the value judgment is inevitable subjectivity, but it is also affected by variousobjective factors. Once again, the article expounds the value judgment process, namely thejudges first cultivate their sensitive legal sense, then according to their own sense of valuejudgment of law will be objective, rational. Finally, the article also discusses the judges injudicial practice the value judgment function, i.e. discovery, comparison choice function, theclassification function, qualitative judgment and value guidance function. In the third and fourth part of this paper focuses on the part, first of all, this paper mainlydiscusses the judge judicial reasoning approach, i.e., judges in the judicial practice how toconstruct the judicial reasoning premise and the formation of minor premise, and then drawthe conclusion of deductive reasoning. Secondly, the judges in the judicial practice is how tojudge the value of judicial reasoning, respectively, along the logical framework, namely fromthe judicial reasoning premise, minor premise, the conclusions of three aspects of thisexposition. This part mainly focus on judicial reasoning minor premise as well as theformation of judicial reasoning premise and the size of value judgment of the relationship inthree aspects. The construction of the minor premise of judicial process, is mainly based onthe facts of the case on the basis of the judicial confirmation of classification process. In thisprocess, judicial classification is core link, and judge the value judgment is perforative frombeginning to end. The major premise for judicial reasoning process is also inseparable fromthe value judgment, regardless of is the presence of clear legal norm and legal norm is tooabstract to apply, the judge will need to value comparison and selection, its essence is thejudge for the case to find the process of law. The fifth part is the ending part of this text, but also the innovation of this paper. Throughthe above discussion, we already know, judges in judicial practice to value judgments is ahomely food, cannot avoid. But how to judge the value judgment of balance and constraint, itis placed in our country legal system construction is a difficult problem in. If incorrect itsundertake constraint, is bound to China's legal process to produce adverse effects. Thisrequires us to do some beneficial exploration. The first part summarized the value judgmentof limitations and shortcomings, then in theory and practice two main aspects on how tobalance and restrain the judge judgement of value discuss. At the theoretical level, the main isto try to judge the value judgment system and standardization in equity, by building the legalbelief network, create the legal value system, value judgments for judges provide practical operational standards. In practice, should insist to form the process of judicial reasoning logicrule of necessity and basis, as well as essence in judicial reasoning judge value judgment ofthe subsidiarity principle, through further perfect the system construction, improve the servicelevel and occupation accomplishment, for the socialist legal system construction to explore aroad of harmonious rule by law.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D926.2
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2012-03-17
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