像法官一样去判决

Judge as a Judge

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作者:

肖晨琳

导师:

卢景德

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

篮球执法;思维能力;逻辑思维;非逻辑思维

摘要:

随着我国篮球运动的高速发展,裁判员队伍执裁水平跟不上的问题逐渐显露出来。我们认识到篮球裁判判罚是根据规则的精神和场上的具体情况,通过大脑的思考,综合得出一个判断,然后去处理场上所发生的各种情况的思维过程,很多国内外学者通过心理学、运动学和社会学等方面的研究来探讨如何提高篮球裁判员判罚的准确性,但是很少有人从思维的角度专门研究体育裁判判罚。如果裁判员们能够有目的地锻炼自己的思维能力,最终学会自觉地运用正确的思维方法作出判断,公正公平地处理好比赛,配合好队员和教练,将会更加有助于给观众们献上一场精彩的比赛。本文通过问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法、应用文献资料法等方法对裁判员的执法思维能力进行探讨分析,并提出如何提高其判罚准确性的建议。 全文由引言、正文和结论组成。引言部分指出我国篮球运动的发展现状对篮球裁判员提出了更高的要求。许多学者从不同角度去研究提高篮球裁判判罚的水平的方法,却忽略了篮球裁判判罚活动也是一种大脑的思维活动,是一个逻辑与非逻辑、理性与非理性相互渗透、共同作用的思维过程。所以要提高篮球裁判员判罚的准确性,有必要加强裁判员思维能力的锻炼。 正文由四个部分组成,每部分的内容,分别说明如下: 第一部分采用调查问卷的形式,根据“篮球裁判员思维能力调查表”做不记名随机调查,以近几年一直参加国内外正式比赛的现役裁判员为研究对象,利用SPSS统计软件17.版对问卷结果进行主要成分因子分析,最后得到“裁判员的自我认知能力”,“规则概念的形成与掌握”,“裁判员的个体差异”,“规则的完善”,“裁判的思维判断能力”5个因子,统计结果可靠性较高,可以把这五个因子可以作为影响裁判员思维能力的指标。根据调查结果得出的五个因子,需要通过分析思维形式的特征来寻求提高思维能力的方式。 第二部分主要介绍篮球判罚中的逻辑思维形式。篮球比赛的判罚和法官断案一样,把演绎推理、归纳推理和类比推理作为推理判断的工具。第一节阐述了演绎推理是一种从普遍到个别,从抽象到具体的必然性推理,所以要做到使演绎推理的结论具有可靠性,就要从两个方面去努力,一方面要充分理解规则,保证大前提的准确性,另一方面要善于移动观察,保证小前提的可靠性。第二节阐述了归纳推理是一种从个别到一般的推理,它不是一种必然性的推理,但是能帮助人们认识未知的知识,具有启发性,裁判必须要认识到这种推理具有必然性特征,重视实践,善于归纳总结。第三节阐述了类比推理的特点和结构,类比推理是法官分析相似案件最核心的推理形式,也是篮球裁判运用战例解决问题最重要的推理形式。篮球裁判要善于运用战例,了解战术,以达到触类旁通,举一反三的效果。 第三部分介绍了篮球判罚中非逻辑的思维形式。其中最重要的非逻辑思维形式是直觉推理。它是一种跳跃性的思维方式,鼓励篮球裁判员在可以自由裁量的情况下运用规则精神作出判罚。 第四部分对常见的思维谬误作了介绍,希望可以对篮球裁判员辨别推理中的错误有所帮助。 结论再次肯定了合理的思维指导篮球判罚的重要性和必要性,裁判员是篮球场上的法官,可以像法官一样为比赛带来公正和公平。思维的特性注定了不可能保证所有推断都正确,而且篮球比赛的激烈性和对抗性也决定了篮球裁判没有充足的时间进行全面的推理,所以除了帮助篮球裁判员锻炼思维能力来提高判罚的准确性外,也应该通过完善规则来弥补和纠正裁判们推理失误出现的错误,实现保证比赛结果的公平性和公正性的最终目的。

学科:

体育教育训练学

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

肖晨琳. 像法官一样去判决[D]. 西南政法大学,2011.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 像法官一样去判决
  • dc.title
  • Judge as a Judge
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20070301210070
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 肖晨琳
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2011
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 卢景德
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 篮球执法;;思维能力;;逻辑思维;;非逻辑思维
  • dc.subject
  • Basketball Referee;;Ability of Thinking;;Logical Thinking;;Unlogical Thinking
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 随着我国篮球运动的高速发展,裁判员队伍执裁水平跟不上的问题逐渐显露出来。我们认识到篮球裁判判罚是根据规则的精神和场上的具体情况,通过大脑的思考,综合得出一个判断,然后去处理场上所发生的各种情况的思维过程,很多国内外学者通过心理学、运动学和社会学等方面的研究来探讨如何提高篮球裁判员判罚的准确性,但是很少有人从思维的角度专门研究体育裁判判罚。如果裁判员们能够有目的地锻炼自己的思维能力,最终学会自觉地运用正确的思维方法作出判断,公正公平地处理好比赛,配合好队员和教练,将会更加有助于给观众们献上一场精彩的比赛。本文通过问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法、应用文献资料法等方法对裁判员的执法思维能力进行探讨分析,并提出如何提高其判罚准确性的建议。 全文由引言、正文和结论组成。引言部分指出我国篮球运动的发展现状对篮球裁判员提出了更高的要求。许多学者从不同角度去研究提高篮球裁判判罚的水平的方法,却忽略了篮球裁判判罚活动也是一种大脑的思维活动,是一个逻辑与非逻辑、理性与非理性相互渗透、共同作用的思维过程。所以要提高篮球裁判员判罚的准确性,有必要加强裁判员思维能力的锻炼。 正文由四个部分组成,每部分的内容,分别说明如下: 第一部分采用调查问卷的形式,根据“篮球裁判员思维能力调查表”做不记名随机调查,以近几年一直参加国内外正式比赛的现役裁判员为研究对象,利用SPSS统计软件17.版对问卷结果进行主要成分因子分析,最后得到“裁判员的自我认知能力”,“规则概念的形成与掌握”,“裁判员的个体差异”,“规则的完善”,“裁判的思维判断能力”5个因子,统计结果可靠性较高,可以把这五个因子可以作为影响裁判员思维能力的指标。根据调查结果得出的五个因子,需要通过分析思维形式的特征来寻求提高思维能力的方式。 第二部分主要介绍篮球判罚中的逻辑思维形式。篮球比赛的判罚和法官断案一样,把演绎推理、归纳推理和类比推理作为推理判断的工具。第一节阐述了演绎推理是一种从普遍到个别,从抽象到具体的必然性推理,所以要做到使演绎推理的结论具有可靠性,就要从两个方面去努力,一方面要充分理解规则,保证大前提的准确性,另一方面要善于移动观察,保证小前提的可靠性。第二节阐述了归纳推理是一种从个别到一般的推理,它不是一种必然性的推理,但是能帮助人们认识未知的知识,具有启发性,裁判必须要认识到这种推理具有必然性特征,重视实践,善于归纳总结。第三节阐述了类比推理的特点和结构,类比推理是法官分析相似案件最核心的推理形式,也是篮球裁判运用战例解决问题最重要的推理形式。篮球裁判要善于运用战例,了解战术,以达到触类旁通,举一反三的效果。 第三部分介绍了篮球判罚中非逻辑的思维形式。其中最重要的非逻辑思维形式是直觉推理。它是一种跳跃性的思维方式,鼓励篮球裁判员在可以自由裁量的情况下运用规则精神作出判罚。 第四部分对常见的思维谬误作了介绍,希望可以对篮球裁判员辨别推理中的错误有所帮助。 结论再次肯定了合理的思维指导篮球判罚的重要性和必要性,裁判员是篮球场上的法官,可以像法官一样为比赛带来公正和公平。思维的特性注定了不可能保证所有推断都正确,而且篮球比赛的激烈性和对抗性也决定了篮球裁判没有充足的时间进行全面的推理,所以除了帮助篮球裁判员锻炼思维能力来提高判罚的准确性外,也应该通过完善规则来弥补和纠正裁判们推理失误出现的错误,实现保证比赛结果的公平性和公正性的最终目的。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Following China's development in the area of basketball, the problem of raising the quality of officiation is in serious need of a solution. One thing preventing this goal is the officials' inability to make accurate and reasonable calls. Scholars have used psychology, kinematics, and sociology to try to find a way to increase the accuracy of officiation. We know that basketball officiation is based on the idea of rules along with what actually happens on the court. Through a process of analysis, we will comprehensively reach an accurate judgment, then deal with the process of logical thinking that happens during various specific situations on the court. Currently, there has still not been an attempt to study sports officiation logically in China. If officials are able to exercise logic in their judgments, and at last learn to consciously put a logical thought process to use in their calls, call games fairly, and coordinate the players and coaches well, then it will be possible to give the crowd a better game to watch. This paper uses an analysis of the theory of logic applied to law to examine the similarity between basketball officiation and the application of the law, and finally proposes ways in which to increase the accuracy of officiation. This paper is arranged with an introduction, body, and conclusion. In analyzing the similarities between the officiation of basketball and the logic of legal decisions, the discussion will center on how to use the principles of logical legal inference as a guide in basketball officiation. The introduction points out that the current state of China's basketball development demands a higher quality of officiation. The efforts of many scholars to raise the quality of basketball offication has ignored the fact that basketball officiation is a matter for careful consideration, and that officials' calls are based on specific logical judgments. Therefore, in order to raise the accuracy of officiation, it is necessary to strengthen the logical reasoning of officials. We can use the logical methodology of the application of the law to guide basketball officials. This body of this paper is divided into four sections, each will be discussed separately below. The first section sets forth basketball rules and the definition of the role of officials, compares the similarities and differences between basketball officiation and a court of law, and articulates the possibility and need to use logical legal reasoning to guide basketball officials. The second and third section is the core of this paper. This section concretely analyzes the thought model of basketball officiation decision making, using deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and analogical reasoning as tools of decision making. Deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and analogical reasoning are each discussed separately. The first paragraph suggests the inevitability of deductive reasoning going from universal to specific, and from abstract to concrete. Therefore, to rely on deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion, one must do two things. The first is to adequately understand the rules and guarantee the accuracy of the major premise. The second is to have a mobile perspective and guarantee the reliability of the minor premise. The second paragraph argues that inductive reasoning is a type of reasoning that progresses from specific to general and is not a type of reasoning that is inevitable, but that it can help people understand the misunderstood. Officiation must acknowledge that this type of reasoning is based on probability, and is adept at reaching general conclusions. The third paragraph puts forth the features and structure of analogical reasoning. Analogical reasoning is the type of reasoning most core to legal analysis, and is also the type of reasoning most important in making decisions in basketball officiation. Basketball officiation must use an understanding of the competition and strategy in order to separate the facts and draw logical inferences. The fourth paragraph introduces the much disputed intuitional reasoning, which encourages basketball officials to make judgments in the spirit of the rules as they see fit. The important point put forth in this paper is the question of how to incorporate these various types of reasoning in the practice of basketball officiation, and how to make officials familiar with the characteristics of these types of reasoning so that they can be put into practice on the court. The forth section introduces commonly encountered logical errors, in hopes that it can help the problem of mistakes made during officiation. The conclusion reaffirms the importance of using legal logic to direct basketball officials, points out that the characteristics of logical reasoning inevitably cannot guarantee that all reasoning will be accurate, and that the excitement and antagonism felt during basketball competition has shown that there is not enough all around reasoning used in basketball officiation. Therefore, aside from improving basketball officials'ability to make logical decisions in order to increase the accuracy of calls, we must also improve the rules and correct the mistakes caused by officials' lapses in reasoning in order to realize and guarantee the ultimate goal, which is fairness of competition.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • G841
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2011-03-30
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