技术顾问制度比较研究

A Comparative Study of the System of Technical Advisor

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归属院系:

刑事侦查学院

作者:

陈柴洪

导师:

戴浩霖

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

技术顾问;制度;比较研究;事实认定;专家;专家证人;司法鉴定;鉴定人

摘要:

为了有效应对当今科学技术的发展给案件事实认定带来的前所未有的挑战、帮助事实认定者摆脱认识论窘境、顺应人类司法证明活动由非理性向理性的历史性转变以及实现司法公正和司法效率之间的有效平衡,我们必须让具有解决案件专门问题的知识的专家参与到事实认定活动中来。其中很重要的一类专家就是技术顾问专家。 技术顾问是诉讼活动中除专家证人、鉴定人之外的不具有裁判者主体身份的技术专家,其既不同于专家证人、鉴定人,又有别于专家裁判者。技术顾问制度是有关技术顾问的实体和程序的规范,是有关技术顾问的资格、诉讼地位、权利、义务、责任以及技术顾问参加诉讼的程序等方面的准则和规范的总和。 从历史维度来看,世界范围内的技术顾问制度从诞生到现在已经经历了几个世纪。从地域维度来比较考察技术顾问制度,我们会发现技术顾问制度是一项在世界各国普遍存在的诉讼制度。但即便是这样一个由来已久且广泛存在的制度,我们对其仍缺乏深刻的认识,对诸如技术顾问的称谓等一系列问题还没有达成共识。而且我们国家也同样面临着如何对诉讼中的技术顾问制度进行合理设计的问题。因此,出于借鉴的目的,我们需要将视野转向其他诉讼文化下的技术顾问制度,以期获得解决本土问题的新知识。每个国家的技术顾问制度都与其所在的诉讼制度本身以及诉讼制度背后的政治、经济、文化和历史密不可分,而且各国面临的司法和社会问题也有所不同。因此,各国技术顾问制度都有自己的特色。无论是英国、意大利,还是法国、俄罗斯和日本,这些国家都在其诉讼活动中实行了技术顾问制度,但这些国家的技术顾问制度的具体内容各不相同。不管是聘请技术顾问的主体还是技术顾问的具体职能和权利义务,也不管是技术顾问的诉讼地位抑或参诉程序,等等方面,各国都有差异。但不争的事实就是:各国越来越重视这类不同于专家证人、鉴定人和专家裁判者的技术专家在诉讼中的作用,在诉讼活动中实行技术顾问制度是当今世界诉讼制度发展的一个共同趋势。 为了应对科技发展给事实认定带来的巨大挑战、解决我国司法鉴定制度存在的问题,我们国家也同样在诉讼中实行了技术顾问制度。但无论是技术顾问制度的立法还是司法实践都存在很多亟需解决的问题,我们需要完善民事诉讼和行政诉讼中的技术顾问制度。出于一系列的考虑:削弱我国司法鉴定的职权主义色彩、有效监督司法鉴定活动、防止司法腐败、提高鉴定结论公信力、对鉴定结论进行有效质证以及满足司法机关在新形势下办案的需要,尽管在我国刑事诉讼中实行技术顾问制度存在诸多不利因素,但我们应该化不利为有利,建立起刑事诉讼中的技术顾问制度。 近几年来学者们对技术顾问制度越来越关注,研究力度也越来越大,但仍不够深刻和全面。笔者在此以比较的方法对不同诉讼文化下的技术顾问制度进行探索,以期获得全新的有用知识。本文的第一部分主要是关于事实认定对专家需求的论述,是全文的理论基础;第二部分是对技术顾问及技术顾问制度基本知识的厘清;第三部分在着重探析几个主要国家的技术顾问制度的基础上进行比较研究,是在前两部分的基础上进一步提出问题并分析问题;在第四部分,笔者将笔锋转移到我们国家的技术顾问制度上,并最终解决问题。

学科:

诉讼法学

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

陈柴洪. 技术顾问制度比较研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2010.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 技术顾问制度比较研究
  • dc.title
  • A Comparative Study of the System of Technical Advisor
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20070301200744
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 陈柴洪
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2010
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 戴浩霖
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 技术顾问;;制度;;比较研究;;事实认定;;专家;;专家证人;;司法鉴定;;鉴定人
  • dc.subject
  • Technical Advisor;;System;;Comparative Study;;Fact-determination;; Expert;; Expert witness;;Judicial identification ;;Identifier
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 为了有效应对当今科学技术的发展给案件事实认定带来的前所未有的挑战、帮助事实认定者摆脱认识论窘境、顺应人类司法证明活动由非理性向理性的历史性转变以及实现司法公正和司法效率之间的有效平衡,我们必须让具有解决案件专门问题的知识的专家参与到事实认定活动中来。其中很重要的一类专家就是技术顾问专家。 技术顾问是诉讼活动中除专家证人、鉴定人之外的不具有裁判者主体身份的技术专家,其既不同于专家证人、鉴定人,又有别于专家裁判者。技术顾问制度是有关技术顾问的实体和程序的规范,是有关技术顾问的资格、诉讼地位、权利、义务、责任以及技术顾问参加诉讼的程序等方面的准则和规范的总和。 从历史维度来看,世界范围内的技术顾问制度从诞生到现在已经经历了几个世纪。从地域维度来比较考察技术顾问制度,我们会发现技术顾问制度是一项在世界各国普遍存在的诉讼制度。但即便是这样一个由来已久且广泛存在的制度,我们对其仍缺乏深刻的认识,对诸如技术顾问的称谓等一系列问题还没有达成共识。而且我们国家也同样面临着如何对诉讼中的技术顾问制度进行合理设计的问题。因此,出于借鉴的目的,我们需要将视野转向其他诉讼文化下的技术顾问制度,以期获得解决本土问题的新知识。每个国家的技术顾问制度都与其所在的诉讼制度本身以及诉讼制度背后的政治、经济、文化和历史密不可分,而且各国面临的司法和社会问题也有所不同。因此,各国技术顾问制度都有自己的特色。无论是英国、意大利,还是法国、俄罗斯和日本,这些国家都在其诉讼活动中实行了技术顾问制度,但这些国家的技术顾问制度的具体内容各不相同。不管是聘请技术顾问的主体还是技术顾问的具体职能和权利义务,也不管是技术顾问的诉讼地位抑或参诉程序,等等方面,各国都有差异。但不争的事实就是:各国越来越重视这类不同于专家证人、鉴定人和专家裁判者的技术专家在诉讼中的作用,在诉讼活动中实行技术顾问制度是当今世界诉讼制度发展的一个共同趋势。 为了应对科技发展给事实认定带来的巨大挑战、解决我国司法鉴定制度存在的问题,我们国家也同样在诉讼中实行了技术顾问制度。但无论是技术顾问制度的立法还是司法实践都存在很多亟需解决的问题,我们需要完善民事诉讼和行政诉讼中的技术顾问制度。出于一系列的考虑:削弱我国司法鉴定的职权主义色彩、有效监督司法鉴定活动、防止司法腐败、提高鉴定结论公信力、对鉴定结论进行有效质证以及满足司法机关在新形势下办案的需要,尽管在我国刑事诉讼中实行技术顾问制度存在诸多不利因素,但我们应该化不利为有利,建立起刑事诉讼中的技术顾问制度。 近几年来学者们对技术顾问制度越来越关注,研究力度也越来越大,但仍不够深刻和全面。笔者在此以比较的方法对不同诉讼文化下的技术顾问制度进行探索,以期获得全新的有用知识。本文的第一部分主要是关于事实认定对专家需求的论述,是全文的理论基础;第二部分是对技术顾问及技术顾问制度基本知识的厘清;第三部分在着重探析几个主要国家的技术顾问制度的基础上进行比较研究,是在前两部分的基础上进一步提出问题并分析问题;在第四部分,笔者将笔锋转移到我们国家的技术顾问制度上,并最终解决问题。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • In order to make response to the unprecedented challenge brought to the fact -determination of cases by the development of today’s science and technology effectively、help the people who will decide the fact of cases to get rid of the dilemma of epistemology、conform to the historical transformation of human’s activities about judicial proof from irrationality to rationality and realize the effective balance between the justice and efficiency,we must permit experts who have the expertise such as science and technology that can be used to help resolving the special questions of cases to participate in the activities of fact-determination. A technical advisor is not an expert witness or a man to identify something of evidence but a technological expert who not has the identity of a referee who can decide the cases in the activity of litigation.There are some difference between a technical advisor and an expert witness and a identifier.There are some difference between a technical advisor and a referee of cases too. The content of system of technical advisor includes the norms of substance and procedure.And the system of technical advisor is the all of the norms about the qualification、litigation、status、rights、obligations、responsibility and the litigation procedure of the technical advisors . In the view of history,there are centuries from the birth of the worldwide system of technical advisor to now.In the view of region,we can find that the system of technical advisor is a system of litigation who are used by many nations in the world.We are always lack of the profound understanding to the system of technical advisor although it have a long history and a wide existence.There is no consensus in many fields of the system of technical advisor such as the name of the system of technical advisor. And China is confronted with the problem that is how to design the system of technical advisor reasonably in litigation too.Therefore,with the aim to get something useful which can be made use of in Chinese litigation,we need turn our field of vision toward to the system of technical advisor under other lawsuit culture in order to get some new knowledge that can resolve our problem.The system of technical advisor of one country has a close relation with its system of lawsuit and the politics、economy、culture and the history who decide the system of lawsuit.And every country is confronted with different judicial and social problems. So, the system of technical advisor in different country has its features.Whether England、Italy or France、Russia、Japan,the system of technical advisor is carried out in the ligitation activities of these nations.But there is different specific content in different country.In different countries,the subject to hire the technical advisor and the specific functions and rights、duties of a technical advisor are different,and the status and proceeding of a technical advisor,and so on, are different too.However,there is a fact without any controversy that most of countries attach more and moer importance to the role taken by the technical experts in litigation who are different from another technical experts such as expert witnesses、identifiers and referees of cases. A common trend of development of the worldwide ligitation system is that to make use of the system of technical advisor in litigation. In order to make response to the great challenge brought to the fact-determination of cases by the development of today’s science and technology and resolve the problems of our judicial identification System, the system of technical advisor is made use of by Chinese ligitation system too.However,whether the legislation or the judicial practice of the system of technical advisor ,there are many problems that needed to be solved at once.We ought to refine the system of technical advisor in civil procedure and administrative litigation.For a series of considerations:to weaken the authority principle color of our judicial identification system,to supervise the activities of judicial identification effectively, to prevent judicial corruption, to enhance the credibility of expert conclusion,to question expert conclusion effectively and to meet the need of handling cases under the new situation,we should turn disadvantage to advantage and to build the system of technical advisor in criminal procedure,although there are many unfavourable factors. Recent years, scholars have play more and more attention to the system of technical advisor,the efforts of research is in a growing speed, although the research is not profound and comprehensive.The writer probes the system of technical advisor under different litigation systems in a comparative method in order to obtain a new useful knowledge.The first part of this article that is the foundation of the full-text discusses mainly the need for the experts of fact-determination.The second part of this article clarifies the basic knowledge about the technical advisor and the system of technical advisor.The third part of this article makes a comparative study on the basis of a detailed research about the system of technical advisor in several main countries.In the last part of this article,the authors turns the theme to the system of technical advisor of China,and resolve our problems finally.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D918.9
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2010-03-20
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