公诉方式研究

The Research of Way of Public Prosecution

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

吕昌燕

导师:

冯涛

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

公诉方式;起诉状一本主义;全卷移送主义;复印件主义

摘要:

随着我国法治化进程的不断推进,刑事庭审改革亦正在逐步深入进行,而与其紧密相关的公诉方式由于在实践中表现出诸多问题,引起了理论界和实务界的普遍关注,几乎到了不改不行的地步。作为连接起诉与审判的桥梁,公诉方式科学、合理的构建具有非常重要的意义。我国现行的复印件主义的公诉方式,是建立在1979年刑诉法基础之上,并借鉴了当事人主义对抗制因素。虽然这种新型的公诉方式在当时备受学术界,乃至实务界称赞,但随着时间的推移,这一新生制度不仅没能防止法官庭前形成预断,相反,在实践中逐渐暴露出诸多弊病。基于此,对于公诉方式的改革,是继续向当事人主义方向迈进,实行起诉状一本主义,还是回归到全卷移送主义,已成为摆在我们面前不得不进行的选择。实行起诉状一本主义目前存在难以跨越的障碍,而回归到全卷移送主义则有人视之为“倒退”,如何选择需要我们认真反思。对此,笔者认为,回归到全卷移送主义才是真正适合我国国情的选择,同时,应当建立相应的可支撑这一公诉方式的配套措施使之落到实处。 本文正文分为三个部分,共计三万余字。 本文第一部分运用比较考察的方法对主要法治国家采取的两种公诉方式进行了详细的考察研究,并作了简要的评价。该部分主要把以英、美、日为代表的起诉状一本主义和以法、德为代表的全案移送主义作为考察研究的立足点。其一,起诉状一本主义主要是当事人主义国家或以当事人主义为主的国家采取的公诉方式,它是与当事人主义的诉讼价值和诉讼结构相适应的。虽然起诉状一本主义能够有效防止法官庭前预断和偏见,有助于法官保持中立的地位,但却不利于发现案件真实,导致公诉审查功能缺失,不利于防止公诉权滥用、保障被告人的权利,不利于提高诉讼效率。诸如英国、美国既有专门的法官主持预审,又实行预审法官和庭审法官相分离,能较好的排除庭审法官的预断。然而庭审法官不了解任何案情,在审判中消极被动,亦易导致诉讼拖延。日本实行典型的起诉状一本主义,排除了法官预断。但是,由于日本取消了预审制度,庭前审查程序缺失,公诉权缺乏有效的制约,一定程度上可能导致审判的易发性和检察官滥诉。其二,全卷移送主义是职权主义国家或以职权主义为主的国家所采取的公诉方式,它是与职权主义的诉讼价值观和诉讼结构密不可分的。全卷移送主义有利于查明案件事实,能有效防止公诉权滥用,有利于提高诉讼效率,但却容易使法官产生预断和偏见,易导致庭审形式化。比如作为职权主义代表的国家法国和德国,其检察官均在庭前向法院移送全部案卷材料,由法院进行庭前实质审查。法国由于实行庭审法官和预审法官的分离,较好地防止了庭审法官的预断,庭前实质审查也能够有效防止公诉权滥用,防止了被告人受到不当追诉。然而德国的中间程序没有实行庭审法官和预审法官的分离,容易使法官产生预断,从而导致庭审形式化。 本文第二部分论及了我国公诉方式存在的主要问题。96年刑诉法修正后,将公诉方式由全卷移送主义改为现行的移送主要证据复印件主义,其目的旨在防止法官庭前形成预断,改变庭审走过场。然而,实践证明,复印件主义并没有实现它所承载的排除法官预断的使命,其对法官预断的影响仍然没有改变,而且将该影响仅局限于检察机关移送的“主要证据”,并滋生了一系列的问题。其中,以庭前案卷移送和庭后案卷移送存在的主要问题为突出表现。 本文第三部分为完善我国公诉方式的探索。首先对学界三种主要的公诉方式改革方案进行了介绍和评析,然后在此基础上提出了符合我国国情的公诉方式。公诉方式究竟怎样改革,学者们提出了三种方案,即实行起诉状一本主义、回归全卷移送主义和维持现状。目前学界的主流观点是借鉴当事人主义的公诉方式,实行起诉状一本主义。然而起诉状一本主义与我国的法律文化、法律制度、法制环境并不匹配。相反,回归全卷移送主义才是现实国情下一种比较理想的选择。因此,笔者主张应建立庭前全案移送制度,主要基于全卷移送主义自身应有的积极价值和制度实践等方面的考量。 此外,公诉方式并不是作为一项孤立的制度而存在的,其作用的有效发挥必须依赖相关配套设施的建构。这些相关的配套制度应包括:1.庭前设置答辩程序;2.革新庭前审查程序,实行庭前实质审查;3.确立裁判文书说理机制;4.法院必须恪守中立原则与严格证据法则。

学科:

诉讼法学

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

吕昌燕. 公诉方式研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2009.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 公诉方式研究
  • dc.title
  • The Research of Way of Public Prosecution
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20060301060601
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 吕昌燕
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2009
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 冯涛
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 公诉方式;;起诉状一本主义;;全卷移送主义;;复印件主义
  • dc.subject
  • The Modes of Public Prosecution ;; The Indictment - Only Doctrine;; Conveyance of Full-Dossier;; Photocopyism
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 随着我国法治化进程的不断推进,刑事庭审改革亦正在逐步深入进行,而与其紧密相关的公诉方式由于在实践中表现出诸多问题,引起了理论界和实务界的普遍关注,几乎到了不改不行的地步。作为连接起诉与审判的桥梁,公诉方式科学、合理的构建具有非常重要的意义。我国现行的复印件主义的公诉方式,是建立在1979年刑诉法基础之上,并借鉴了当事人主义对抗制因素。虽然这种新型的公诉方式在当时备受学术界,乃至实务界称赞,但随着时间的推移,这一新生制度不仅没能防止法官庭前形成预断,相反,在实践中逐渐暴露出诸多弊病。基于此,对于公诉方式的改革,是继续向当事人主义方向迈进,实行起诉状一本主义,还是回归到全卷移送主义,已成为摆在我们面前不得不进行的选择。实行起诉状一本主义目前存在难以跨越的障碍,而回归到全卷移送主义则有人视之为“倒退”,如何选择需要我们认真反思。对此,笔者认为,回归到全卷移送主义才是真正适合我国国情的选择,同时,应当建立相应的可支撑这一公诉方式的配套措施使之落到实处。 本文正文分为三个部分,共计三万余字。 本文第一部分运用比较考察的方法对主要法治国家采取的两种公诉方式进行了详细的考察研究,并作了简要的评价。该部分主要把以英、美、日为代表的起诉状一本主义和以法、德为代表的全案移送主义作为考察研究的立足点。其一,起诉状一本主义主要是当事人主义国家或以当事人主义为主的国家采取的公诉方式,它是与当事人主义的诉讼价值和诉讼结构相适应的。虽然起诉状一本主义能够有效防止法官庭前预断和偏见,有助于法官保持中立的地位,但却不利于发现案件真实,导致公诉审查功能缺失,不利于防止公诉权滥用、保障被告人的权利,不利于提高诉讼效率。诸如英国、美国既有专门的法官主持预审,又实行预审法官和庭审法官相分离,能较好的排除庭审法官的预断。然而庭审法官不了解任何案情,在审判中消极被动,亦易导致诉讼拖延。日本实行典型的起诉状一本主义,排除了法官预断。但是,由于日本取消了预审制度,庭前审查程序缺失,公诉权缺乏有效的制约,一定程度上可能导致审判的易发性和检察官滥诉。其二,全卷移送主义是职权主义国家或以职权主义为主的国家所采取的公诉方式,它是与职权主义的诉讼价值观和诉讼结构密不可分的。全卷移送主义有利于查明案件事实,能有效防止公诉权滥用,有利于提高诉讼效率,但却容易使法官产生预断和偏见,易导致庭审形式化。比如作为职权主义代表的国家法国和德国,其检察官均在庭前向法院移送全部案卷材料,由法院进行庭前实质审查。法国由于实行庭审法官和预审法官的分离,较好地防止了庭审法官的预断,庭前实质审查也能够有效防止公诉权滥用,防止了被告人受到不当追诉。然而德国的中间程序没有实行庭审法官和预审法官的分离,容易使法官产生预断,从而导致庭审形式化。 本文第二部分论及了我国公诉方式存在的主要问题。96年刑诉法修正后,将公诉方式由全卷移送主义改为现行的移送主要证据复印件主义,其目的旨在防止法官庭前形成预断,改变庭审走过场。然而,实践证明,复印件主义并没有实现它所承载的排除法官预断的使命,其对法官预断的影响仍然没有改变,而且将该影响仅局限于检察机关移送的“主要证据”,并滋生了一系列的问题。其中,以庭前案卷移送和庭后案卷移送存在的主要问题为突出表现。 本文第三部分为完善我国公诉方式的探索。首先对学界三种主要的公诉方式改革方案进行了介绍和评析,然后在此基础上提出了符合我国国情的公诉方式。公诉方式究竟怎样改革,学者们提出了三种方案,即实行起诉状一本主义、回归全卷移送主义和维持现状。目前学界的主流观点是借鉴当事人主义的公诉方式,实行起诉状一本主义。然而起诉状一本主义与我国的法律文化、法律制度、法制环境并不匹配。相反,回归全卷移送主义才是现实国情下一种比较理想的选择。因此,笔者主张应建立庭前全案移送制度,主要基于全卷移送主义自身应有的积极价值和制度实践等方面的考量。 此外,公诉方式并不是作为一项孤立的制度而存在的,其作用的有效发挥必须依赖相关配套设施的建构。这些相关的配套制度应包括:1.庭前设置答辩程序;2.革新庭前审查程序,实行庭前实质审查;3.确立裁判文书说理机制;4.法院必须恪守中立原则与严格证据法则。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • With the pushing forward of the process of the rule of law in our country,criminal court reforms are gradually deepening.Indictment way showing in practice a number of questions indicates common concern from the theoretical and practical areas,so it needs innovations. As the bridge of the prosecution and trial,scientific and rational indictment way is important. Nowdays,Copy and Way of indictment based on the Criminal Procedure Law in 1979 borrows the parties and the adversarial system factors.The new indictment has been praised in the arts and practice.But with the passing of the time,this new system not only failed to prevent the formation of pre-trial judge to prejudge but also in judicial practice gradually exposed many shortcomings.Based on this,we must choose one between the implementation of the parties prosecution and full-volume transfer.The implementation of the complaint faces a difficult obstacle to cross,but retuming to full volume is regarded as retrogression. We must think about it seriously.I think retuming to full volume transfer is quite suitable to China.At the same time,we should set up the appropriate way to support the indictment of supporting measures to implement. This article is divided into three parts,the body of the article is more than 30,000 words. In the first part of the article,I compare the two indictments of the major countries in details and make a brief assessment.This part put the complaint in Britain,the United States and Japan and the full volume transfer in France,Germany as the foothold.First,And the main complaint is taken by a state party or parties,it is adapted to suit the structure and the value of the parties.Although the indictment is a pre-trial judges and it is able to effectively prevent prejudge and prejudice,help to maintain judge's status of neutrality,it is difficult to find that the case is not conducive to real,bring deficits to indictment review,what's more,it isn't conducive to the prevention of abuse of the right to indictment,protect the rights of the accused and the efficiency of the proceedings.Specialized pre-trial judge and Pre-trial judges and trial judges of phase separation in England and America can exclude prejudge of the trial better.However,court judges do not know of any case,and they are not only passive during the trial,but also easy to cause delays in proceedings.Japan implemented the complaint,and it ruled out prejudge of the judge.However,Japan canceled the pre-trial system,which leaded to lack of pre-trial review process and an effective constraint to the right to indictment.All of these probably cause a certain degree on the trial and prosecutors susceptible to excessive. Second,The whole volume is the indictment taken by the terms of reference and terms of country-based states.It is with the terms of the litigation and the structure of values and actions inseparable.Full-volume transfer helps to identify the facts of the case,effectively prevent the abuse of the right to indictment and is conducive to the efficiency of the proceedings.It is easy for a judge to prejudge and prejudice,easily lead to formal hearing.As a representative of terms of reference,the prosecutors in the pre-trial transfer all files to the court,and then the court review pre-trial in France and Germany.As a result of the separation of the trial judges and pre-trial judge,it prevents a trial judge to prejudge better in France. Pre-trial review of the substance can also effectively prevent the abuse of power indictment against the accused by the prosecution misconduct.Germany has not been carried out procedures of the separation of pre-trial judge between the court judges.It is easy for a judge to prejudge,leading to formal trial. The second part of this article has concerned the main problems of our country the way indictment.After the amended Criminal Procedure Law of 1996 passing,Indictment way to transfer from full-volume changed to the current Criminal Procedure Law and the implementation of evidence-in-chief of the copy of the transfer,and the purpose of pre-trial judge is to prevent the formation of pre-cut to change the court going through the motions. However,The practice proved that the copy principle don't realize its mission that prevent the Prejudging of judges,that don't change the influence to judges,that only limits in "the main evidence" of transfer of Public prosecutor and multiply a series of questions,the prominent performance is the main problems of transfer of pre-trial and after-trial. This article is divided into three parts.The third part is meant to explore the perfect way of indictment in our country.First of all,I make introduction and assessment about the three main reform options of the indictment in the academic community,and on this basis I think of a practical way of indictment in line with our country.The scholars put forward three options about the reform of indictment,that is the implementation of a complaint,return to full-volume transfer and maintain the status quo.At present,the mainstream of academic opinion is to choose the implementation of a complaint,learning from the way of indictment of parties.However,one complaint is not with our country's legal culture,legal system,legal environment,in contrast,the return and transfer the entire volume is a more ideal choice suitable to the actual situation,as a result,the author suggest that our country should establish the full-volume transfer,based on its value and system practice. Moreover,prosecution rather than as a way to exist isolate,and its role must rely on the construction of supporting facilities related.These supporting systems related including:First, setting pre-trial procedures;Second,innovative pre-trial review procedures,and implementate pre-trial review;Third,establish Reasoning mechanism;Fourth,The court must adhere to the principle of neutrality and strict rules of evidence.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D925.2
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2009-04-08
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2009-06-01
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