论刑事诉讼中律师的调查取证权

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

刘颖异

导师:

冯涛

导师单位:

西南政法大学

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

调查取证;刑事诉讼;辩护律师;控辩平衡

摘要:

证据是诉讼的脊梁,刑事证据的收集、提供、质证、采证决定着案件事实的认定和被告人刑事责任的确定。而证据的收集是后续程序的基础,是律师进行有效辩护的前提和保障,所以律师的调查取证权在辩护制度中具有极其重要的地位,是程序公正不可或缺的支柱。我国现行《刑事诉讼法》中的某些规定体现了律师的部分调查取证权,但由于缺乏有力的制度保障,律师调查取证权无法真正得以实现,实践中遇到侵害时更难以救济。随着人权保障理念的深入和审判方式改革的深化,刑事诉讼中律师调查取证权在法律规定和程序保障上的缺陷日益突出,已严重影响到犯罪嫌疑人、被告人诉讼主体地位的实现,成为实现司法公正和实质公平的一大障碍。本文分析了我国现行法中律师调查取证权存在的缺陷和不足,比较了两大法系主要国家刑事诉讼法中律师调查取证权的特点,结合我国司法实践的现状,提出了构建我国刑事诉讼律师调查取证权制度的设想,并对设想之合理性和可行性进行了相关论证。 本文共四个部分,正文共三万余字。 引言部分简要介绍了本文的理论前提、写作目的,阐释了律师辩护制度在国家完整法制体系中的重要性。从律师辩护权中的核心权利——调查取证权入手,引申出建立和完善我国律师调查取证制度的必要性,指出了在我国刑诉法面临再修改的背景下,对该问题进行研究的重大理论和现实意义。 第一部分探讨了刑事诉讼律师调查取证权的基本理论问题。首先对律师调查取证权的概念进行了界定。本文在狭义上使用这一概念,指出律师调查取证权是指辩护律师在刑事诉讼的过程中,向有关单位或个人(包括证人、被害人、被害人的近亲属、被害人提供的证人)进行调查,了解案件情况,收集与案件有关的各种证据材料的权利。律师行使调查取证权的目的在于收集能够证明犯罪嫌疑人、被告人无罪、罪轻或者减轻、免除刑事责任的证据,为被告人提供有力辩护,维护其合法权益。律师调查取证权包括律师自行调查取证权和律师申请调查取证权,前者是其基本含义,后者是其延伸含义。文中分析了律师调查取证权行使的主体、范围、方式、阶段,论述了其与会见权、阅卷权的关系。在此基础上,笔者从控辩平衡、有效辩护、人权保障和诉讼民主四个方面分析了律师调查取证权的法理基础,厘清了该权利的法理渊源,阐释了律师调查取证权的现实意义。 第二部分是律师调查取证权的比较研究。笔者考察了律师调查取证权在大陆法系国家和英美法系国家的基本规定和运作情况,并对其进行比较分析。文中介绍了英美国家刑事诉讼中律师完善的自行调查取证权和律师强制程序取证权制度,德法两国刑事诉讼中律师的自行调查取证权和律师申请强制取证制度。通过比较研究,分析其利弊,提供了构建我国律师调查取证权制度的相应思路。 第三部分是我国律师调查取证权的现状分析。笔者首先针对现行《刑事诉讼法》对律师调查取证的相关规定,分析其存在的不足和缺陷,剖析其在司法实践中出现的问题。概括起来主要有三个方面:一是律师侦查阶段调查取证权规定的阙如,这导致律师丧失了及时、有效调查收集证据的机会,不仅妨碍案件真相的发现,更影响到律师进行充分有效的辩护,对犯罪嫌疑人的权利保障极为不利;二是律师的自行调查取证权受到严重限制,其权利的行使不仅受制于被调查人,而且当律师向被害人或者其近亲属、被害人提供的证人调查取证时还会受到被调查人和人民法院或人民检察院的“双重限制”;三是律师的申请调查取证权缺乏程序保障,这使得律师的调查申请任由法院、检察院随意决定,且权利得不到有效救济,同时律师申请证人出庭作证也缺乏制度上的保障。然后深层次的剖析了出现问题的原因,一是控辩严重失衡,控方在侦查及控诉过程中地位超强,不但调查手段繁多,而且对被调查对象具有强制力,而律师连一般的调查取证活动也被完全边缘化;第二是受我国传统文化的影响导致对律师及辩护的偏见和误解,不仅社会公众、被害人、证人将其视为“专为坏人说话”的“恶人”,公安司法人员也不信任律师;第三是我国《刑法》第306条关于律师毁灭证据、伪造证据、妨害作证罪的规定,使律师调查取证活动带有超高的风险性,律师不愿更不敢积极地收集证据。 第四部分是对我国律师调查取证权的构建,这是本文的重点。在第一部分理论基础、第二部分比较法考察、第三部分我国当前问题现状分析等内容的基础上,笔者对构建我国律师调查取证权的必要性从三个方面作了详细论述。其一,96年刑事诉讼法对庭审方式进行了改革,为适应这一审判方式的需要,使控辩双方在庭审中能形成真正的对抗,律师必须进行有效的调查取证工作;其二,我国诉讼传统历来强调追求实体正义,唯有律师在刑事诉讼中享有独立、完整的调查取证权,才能更好的收集证明犯罪嫌疑人、被告人无罪、罪轻的证据,最终有助于查明案件事实、准确的定罪量刑;第三,律师在侦查、起诉、审判阶段的调查取证权,是国际社会认可的基本准则,赋予律师在侦查、起诉、审判阶段的调查取证权并保障其权利的实现,是我国政府履行国际承诺的需要。然后笔者提出了构建我国律师调查取证权制度的具体设想:其一,赋予律师侦查阶段辩护人身份,以法律形式明确律师侦查阶段调查取证权的主体地位;其二,赋予律师独立的自行调查取证权和完整的申请调查取证权;其三,以法律形式完善配套措施,涉及律师阅卷权、会见权,证人作证,刑事辩护豁免等制度,以保障律师调查取证权的行使。 在结语部分笔者阐释了保障律师的调查取证权在刑事诉讼中的地位和作用,简要分析了该制度得以有效运作的法治条件,以及其对于推进法治建设进程的重要意义,并呼吁构建我国律师调查取证权制度,通过刑诉法的再修改完善该制度,以期推进我国法治的进程。

学科:

诉讼法学

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

刘颖异. 论刑事诉讼中律师的调查取证权[D]. 西南政法大学,2008.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 论刑事诉讼中律师的调查取证权
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20051263
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 刘颖异
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2008
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 冯涛
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 调查取证;;刑事诉讼;;辩护律师;;控辩平衡
  • dc.subject
  • Evidential investigation;; Criminal procedure;; Defense lawyer;; Balance between accuser and defense
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 证据是诉讼的脊梁,刑事证据的收集、提供、质证、采证决定着案件事实的认定和被告人刑事责任的确定。而证据的收集是后续程序的基础,是律师进行有效辩护的前提和保障,所以律师的调查取证权在辩护制度中具有极其重要的地位,是程序公正不可或缺的支柱。我国现行《刑事诉讼法》中的某些规定体现了律师的部分调查取证权,但由于缺乏有力的制度保障,律师调查取证权无法真正得以实现,实践中遇到侵害时更难以救济。随着人权保障理念的深入和审判方式改革的深化,刑事诉讼中律师调查取证权在法律规定和程序保障上的缺陷日益突出,已严重影响到犯罪嫌疑人、被告人诉讼主体地位的实现,成为实现司法公正和实质公平的一大障碍。本文分析了我国现行法中律师调查取证权存在的缺陷和不足,比较了两大法系主要国家刑事诉讼法中律师调查取证权的特点,结合我国司法实践的现状,提出了构建我国刑事诉讼律师调查取证权制度的设想,并对设想之合理性和可行性进行了相关论证。 本文共四个部分,正文共三万余字。 引言部分简要介绍了本文的理论前提、写作目的,阐释了律师辩护制度在国家完整法制体系中的重要性。从律师辩护权中的核心权利——调查取证权入手,引申出建立和完善我国律师调查取证制度的必要性,指出了在我国刑诉法面临再修改的背景下,对该问题进行研究的重大理论和现实意义。 第一部分探讨了刑事诉讼律师调查取证权的基本理论问题。首先对律师调查取证权的概念进行了界定。本文在狭义上使用这一概念,指出律师调查取证权是指辩护律师在刑事诉讼的过程中,向有关单位或个人(包括证人、被害人、被害人的近亲属、被害人提供的证人)进行调查,了解案件情况,收集与案件有关的各种证据材料的权利。律师行使调查取证权的目的在于收集能够证明犯罪嫌疑人、被告人无罪、罪轻或者减轻、免除刑事责任的证据,为被告人提供有力辩护,维护其合法权益。律师调查取证权包括律师自行调查取证权和律师申请调查取证权,前者是其基本含义,后者是其延伸含义。文中分析了律师调查取证权行使的主体、范围、方式、阶段,论述了其与会见权、阅卷权的关系。在此基础上,笔者从控辩平衡、有效辩护、人权保障和诉讼民主四个方面分析了律师调查取证权的法理基础,厘清了该权利的法理渊源,阐释了律师调查取证权的现实意义。 第二部分是律师调查取证权的比较研究。笔者考察了律师调查取证权在大陆法系国家和英美法系国家的基本规定和运作情况,并对其进行比较分析。文中介绍了英美国家刑事诉讼中律师完善的自行调查取证权和律师强制程序取证权制度,德法两国刑事诉讼中律师的自行调查取证权和律师申请强制取证制度。通过比较研究,分析其利弊,提供了构建我国律师调查取证权制度的相应思路。 第三部分是我国律师调查取证权的现状分析。笔者首先针对现行《刑事诉讼法》对律师调查取证的相关规定,分析其存在的不足和缺陷,剖析其在司法实践中出现的问题。概括起来主要有三个方面:一是律师侦查阶段调查取证权规定的阙如,这导致律师丧失了及时、有效调查收集证据的机会,不仅妨碍案件真相的发现,更影响到律师进行充分有效的辩护,对犯罪嫌疑人的权利保障极为不利;二是律师的自行调查取证权受到严重限制,其权利的行使不仅受制于被调查人,而且当律师向被害人或者其近亲属、被害人提供的证人调查取证时还会受到被调查人和人民法院或人民检察院的“双重限制”;三是律师的申请调查取证权缺乏程序保障,这使得律师的调查申请任由法院、检察院随意决定,且权利得不到有效救济,同时律师申请证人出庭作证也缺乏制度上的保障。然后深层次的剖析了出现问题的原因,一是控辩严重失衡,控方在侦查及控诉过程中地位超强,不但调查手段繁多,而且对被调查对象具有强制力,而律师连一般的调查取证活动也被完全边缘化;第二是受我国传统文化的影响导致对律师及辩护的偏见和误解,不仅社会公众、被害人、证人将其视为“专为坏人说话”的“恶人”,公安司法人员也不信任律师;第三是我国《刑法》第306条关于律师毁灭证据、伪造证据、妨害作证罪的规定,使律师调查取证活动带有超高的风险性,律师不愿更不敢积极地收集证据。 第四部分是对我国律师调查取证权的构建,这是本文的重点。在第一部分理论基础、第二部分比较法考察、第三部分我国当前问题现状分析等内容的基础上,笔者对构建我国律师调查取证权的必要性从三个方面作了详细论述。其一,96年刑事诉讼法对庭审方式进行了改革,为适应这一审判方式的需要,使控辩双方在庭审中能形成真正的对抗,律师必须进行有效的调查取证工作;其二,我国诉讼传统历来强调追求实体正义,唯有律师在刑事诉讼中享有独立、完整的调查取证权,才能更好的收集证明犯罪嫌疑人、被告人无罪、罪轻的证据,最终有助于查明案件事实、准确的定罪量刑;第三,律师在侦查、起诉、审判阶段的调查取证权,是国际社会认可的基本准则,赋予律师在侦查、起诉、审判阶段的调查取证权并保障其权利的实现,是我国政府履行国际承诺的需要。然后笔者提出了构建我国律师调查取证权制度的具体设想:其一,赋予律师侦查阶段辩护人身份,以法律形式明确律师侦查阶段调查取证权的主体地位;其二,赋予律师独立的自行调查取证权和完整的申请调查取证权;其三,以法律形式完善配套措施,涉及律师阅卷权、会见权,证人作证,刑事辩护豁免等制度,以保障律师调查取证权的行使。 在结语部分笔者阐释了保障律师的调查取证权在刑事诉讼中的地位和作用,简要分析了该制度得以有效运作的法治条件,以及其对于推进法治建设进程的重要意义,并呼吁构建我国律师调查取证权制度,通过刑诉法的再修改完善该制度,以期推进我国法治的进程。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Evidence is the spine of proceedings. Criminal evidence collection , testify, confrontation and adoption were the determinative factors in the final attestation and verdict ion. Evidence collection is the basis of further proceedings, the premise and guarantee of the lawyer's effective defense. Therefore, the right of evidential investigation takes the crucial status in the defense system and the mainstay of the Due Process. Some provisions in the current Criminal Procedure embodies the said right of the lawyer, but it would never realized due to the lack of rules of guarantees, and never bring succor to the victim as well. As the reform of litigation system goes forward and the concept of human rights becoming universal, the defect of the Procedure Law not only affects the realization of the suspects or the accused' subject status, but also has great affection to the fairness and efficiency. Then after the analysis of the legislative stipulation of China's evidential investigation system and its operation in practice and a general comparison of some other countries, we try to reform our system of the procedural guarantee of evidential investigation including its rationality and feasibility. This paper is about 30000 words consists of 4 parts. The instruction briefly introduced the theoretical premise, writing purpose and set forth its importance in the national integrity system. Starting with the right to investigate which is the core of the lawyer's rights of defense, then extends to the necessity of establishment and consummation of the lawyer's right of evidential investigation system. Pointing out the significance in both theory and practice in the re-amendment of the Criminal Procedure background. The partⅠis about the legal principle of the lawyer's right of evidential investigation. First, the writer give definition of it. The definition of narrow sense is adopted in this article it means the right for defense lawyer to investigation and find out the details of a case in ways of collecting evidential material from related persons or units(including the witness, the victim, the close relatives and the witness provided by the victim). The aim of the said right is finding out the evidence t prove the suspects or accused are innocent or only commit lighter crimes , or the criminal liabilities upon them shall be abated or exempted, providing powerful defense and protecting their legal rights and interest. The said right includes self-investigate or apply-investigate. The former is basic meaning and the latter is extending meaning. This paper analyzing the said right's subject, range, way and stage, discussing its relationships with the right of inter-review and reading the document and records. Analyzing the legal basis origins and reality significance with 4 fields consists of balance between the accuser and defense, effective defense, guarantee of human rights and democratic litigation. The partⅡis about the comparative research of the lawyer's right to investigate and collect the evidence of some other countries from different legal system, and also observing and studying the basic provision and operations both in Rome law system and common law system. This system introduces the said right in ways of self-investigate system and applying-investigate in German and France. Comparing these pros and cons would provide relatively reference for us. In partⅢ, the writer analyzed the current legal situation in our country, including the provision 37th of Criminal Procedure by analyzing the defect of it and dissecting its obstacle in practice. There are 3 main issues, first, the lawyer loses the timely and effective opportunity to collecting evidence due to the lack of concrete provision of the said right. It is not only affect finding out the truth but also has great affect on the effectively defense and guarantee of the suspects. Second, the right of self-investigate has been seriously limited, not only by the relative ones but also the courts and procurators. Third, the said right lacks of procedural guarantee, the lawyer's apply for investigate was decided by the courts and procurators without remedial measure. Meanwhile, the lawyer's apply for anti-hearsay system lacks guarantee as well. By further analysis we get 3 reasons, firstly, the defense and prosecution were in a state of imbalance. Secondly, the prejudice against lawyer and defense oriented from the traditional legal culture. Thirdly, the charge 306th in current Criminal Law heightened the risk of lawyer's collection of evidence. PartⅣ. The reforming of the lawyer's right of evidential investigation system The writer starts with the transforming of the trial pattern, discussing the necessity of consummating the system. On basis of this theory, the writer draws a lesson from some other country's similar experiences, raises a view of possessing the defense status for the lawyer in the stage of investigation, strengthen the subject status of the lawyer in legal form in the same stage, and possessing the right of apply-investigation as procedural guarantee. The writer concludes the affect and status of the right in Criminal Procedure Law and its importance in the reforming of trial pattern. With the discussing on the litigation conditions in our country and effect on the rule by law, the writer further indicating the purpose of the article at last.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D925.2
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2008-04-01
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