“物权—债权”二元结构之反思

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归属学者:

易健雄

作者:

易健雄

导师:

张玉敏

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

摘要:

在大陆法系民法领域中,“物权—债权”二元结构作为财产权体系的理论范式已逾百年。百余年来,生活事实不断地冲击二元结构,一些理论质疑也渐次登场。到如今,这些理论质疑已汇成一股反思潮,无形中置二元结构于危机境地。探寻二元结构的渊源背景,反思对二元结构的各种反思,审视二元结构的合理性遂成为民法学中迫切的理论问题,也是回应生活实践的需要。然而,国内的相关研究非常滞后。本文尝试着对该问题作一些可能的研究。全文共分三个部分,50000余字,文章结构如下: 第一部分为源流探析。本部分以所有权为侧重点,从体系结构的角度考察了“物权—债权”二元结构的历史渊源及其得以形成的特定背景。对罗马法的考察澄清了“罗马法以权利为中心,二元结构起源于对人之诉与对物之诉”等误解,勾勒出罗马人并无“权利思维”,所谓权利只不过是对诉的反映等基本图景。罗马法并未建构起一套抽象统一的财产权体系,以“我拥有某物”的“所有权”观念涵盖一切财产,具体的他物权与债权等属于无体物而成为所有权的标的物。一言以蔽之,虽然以权利的眼光可以在罗马法中找到近现代大陆法系民法上具体财产权利的形成轨迹,但无法找到其财产权利的体系结构;罗马法中不存在“物权—债权”二元结构。罗马法只是为二元结构的成型提供了必要的素材。在对中世纪到法国民法典这一历史的考察中,权利观念敞开了其生成的轨迹并在法国民法典那里找到了现世的落脚点。法国民法典以权利思维对自罗马法以来的“大所有权”观念进行了整合,以权利思维取代了罗马法上单纯的利益观念,权利取代物而成为民法本位。但法国民法典与罗马法一样,所有权在财产制度上一统天下,他物权与债权并未取得相对于所有权而言的独立的地位。将权利思维制度化应该是法国民法典对后世体系的最大贡献。到了德国民法典制定时,第二帝国特定的历史背景,康德、黑格尔等的哲学思想对萨维尼、温特夏德等法学家的巨大影响,以及受理性自然法的支配而形成的潘得克吞法学、物权行为理论的提出,终于为二元结构的出世准备了所有的条件。德国民法典的颁布为二元结构理论批上了法律外衣。 通过探析“物权—债权”二元结构的源流,我们可以看到,这一结构并非自在之物,而是由潘得克吞学派采集罗马法积累的原料,吸纳淬炼七百余年的权利思维,借助形式理性的烈火,在19世纪的德国大熔炉中锻

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

易健雄. “物权—债权”二元结构之反思[D]. 西南政法大学,2005.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • “物权—债权”二元结构之反思
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 2002882
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 易健雄
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2005
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 张玉敏
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 在大陆法系民法领域中,“物权—债权”二元结构作为财产权体系的理论范式已逾百年。百余年来,生活事实不断地冲击二元结构,一些理论质疑也渐次登场。到如今,这些理论质疑已汇成一股反思潮,无形中置二元结构于危机境地。探寻二元结构的渊源背景,反思对二元结构的各种反思,审视二元结构的合理性遂成为民法学中迫切的理论问题,也是回应生活实践的需要。然而,国内的相关研究非常滞后。本文尝试着对该问题作一些可能的研究。全文共分三个部分,50000余字,文章结构如下: 第一部分为源流探析。本部分以所有权为侧重点,从体系结构的角度考察了“物权—债权”二元结构的历史渊源及其得以形成的特定背景。对罗马法的考察澄清了“罗马法以权利为中心,二元结构起源于对人之诉与对物之诉”等误解,勾勒出罗马人并无“权利思维”,所谓权利只不过是对诉的反映等基本图景。罗马法并未建构起一套抽象统一的财产权体系,以“我拥有某物”的“所有权”观念涵盖一切财产,具体的他物权与债权等属于无体物而成为所有权的标的物。一言以蔽之,虽然以权利的眼光可以在罗马法中找到近现代大陆法系民法上具体财产权利的形成轨迹,但无法找到其财产权利的体系结构;罗马法中不存在“物权—债权”二元结构。罗马法只是为二元结构的成型提供了必要的素材。在对中世纪到法国民法典这一历史的考察中,权利观念敞开了其生成的轨迹并在法国民法典那里找到了现世的落脚点。法国民法典以权利思维对自罗马法以来的“大所有权”观念进行了整合,以权利思维取代了罗马法上单纯的利益观念,权利取代物而成为民法本位。但法国民法典与罗马法一样,所有权在财产制度上一统天下,他物权与债权并未取得相对于所有权而言的独立的地位。将权利思维制度化应该是法国民法典对后世体系的最大贡献。到了德国民法典制定时,第二帝国特定的历史背景,康德、黑格尔等的哲学思想对萨维尼、温特夏德等法学家的巨大影响,以及受理性自然法的支配而形成的潘得克吞法学、物权行为理论的提出,终于为二元结构的出世准备了所有的条件。德国民法典的颁布为二元结构理论批上了法律外衣。 通过探析“物权—债权”二元结构的源流,我们可以看到,这一结构并非自在之物,而是由潘得克吞学派采集罗马法积累的原料,吸纳淬炼七百余年的权利思维,借助形式理性的烈火,在19世纪的德国大熔炉中锻
  • dc.description.abstract
  • It has been over 100 years since "the dualistic framework of real right-personal right"(hereinafter referred to as "the dualistic framework") was regarded as the paradigm of system of property in civil law family. During this period practical experience has been striking the dualistic framework constantly and some theoretical queries are gradually put forward. To nowadays, these queries have converged into one tide of reflections, which put the dualistic framework in a crisis involuntarily. Seeking the origin and background, reviewing various kinds of introspection and examining the rationality of the dualistic framework has become an urgent theoretical problem in the science of civil law as well as the need of responding the practical experience. However, relevant studies in our country lag far behind. This dissertation is trying to do some possible studies to this problem and it is divided into three parties, about 50000 words; the structure of it is as follows:Part I , probe into the source of the dualistic framework. This section regards ownership as the emphasis point and deals with historical origin of the dualistic framework and its background from the angle of a structure theory. Such misunderstandings as "right was treated as center in Roman law" and "the dualistic framework originated from 'actions in personam' and 'actions in rem"' are clarified, and then such basic frame as "Roman had no 'right thinking'" and "right was just the reflection of actions" are sketched out. Instead of an abstract, unified system of property right, Roman law covered all property with the ideal of ownership which means "I own something". Jus in re aliena and personal right, classified as res incorpales, were regarded as objects of ownership. In a word, although the forming orbit of concrete property right in civil law family may be found out in the eyes of right, of which the structure can't be found out. There existed no dualistic framework in Roman law, which only offered essential materials for shaping of dualistic framework. In the course of investigating the history from Middle Ages to the French Civil Code, how the idea of right came into being is disclosed and the idea of right was initially systematized in the French Civil Code, in which "right thinking" was combined with the idea of "great ownership" stemming from Roman law. In addition, the standard of rem was replaced by the standard of right in civil law. However, proprietary right still covered all property in the French Civil Code, just as in Roman law. Jus in re aliena and personal right were not independence of proprietary right. Systematizing "right thinking" should be the greatest contribution of the French Civil Code to system in later age. At the time of the constitution of the German Civil Code, the special background of "the Second Empire", the tremendous influence of the philosophical thoughts of such philosophers as Kant and Hegel on such jurists as Savigny and Windsheid, Pandectarum formed under the reign of natural law of ratio and the proposition of the juristic act of real right, finally prepared all conditions for forming of the dualistic framework. The promulgation of the German Civil Code gave the dualistic framework with legal validity.Part II, introspection of the current situation. As a theory of science of law, the dualistic framework suffered queries of some scholars at the beginning of establishing. In the realistic society, such problems as "real right of personal right" and "personal right of real right", furthermore, severely challenge the rationality of the dualistic framework itself, which causes introspection of scholars of various countries. The French scholar Planiol proposed "theory of the doctrine of personality", intending to incorporate real right into personal right and then to clear up the dualistic framework. Saleilles proposed "theory of objectivism", intending to incorporate personal right into real right and then to clear up the dualistic framework too. Ginossar absorbs the different theory of "absolute right" and "relative right" in line with the idea of " great ownership" from Roman law, reforms the whole proprietary system, floods the dualistic framework in his "French romantic passion". By contrast, German scholars, take Knieper for example, endeavourer to justify the dualistic framework in order to prove its adaptability. Relying upon his peculiar background of Germany, Knieper describes the interactive relation between changes of society and the dualistic framework within the whole German civil law frame of reference. Finally, he is proud to declare: Changes of the society have been already in the expectation of the dualistic framework; so long as its inside is adjusted a little, it would adapt to the development of society. However, Japanese scholars hold the wait-and-see attitude to the dualistic framework. Having investigated the relation between real fight and personal right from the angle of sociology. WAGASHIMA, WOWOTAXOZO pointed out that personal right had been prior to real right since modern times. MAMOTONIEWO probed into the relation between real right and personal right with the method of economic analysis. HIGUCHINO observed the dualistic framework from the point of view of Anglo-American Law, etc.. Nevertheless, they do not draw any conclusion, just "looking forward to new information". Similar to Japanese scholars, Taiwan scholars, for instance, Su Yong-qin, Wang Wen-yu, Xie Zhe-heng, perspect the dualistic framework from various kinds of angles, but are, too, busy observing and cautious in conclusion, make some directive predictions occasionally. In China's mainland, few scholars pay attention to this problem, yet those discussions, if any, are clear-cut, such as Yin Tian's standing fast at the tradition, Meng Qin-guo's improvement scheme, Mei Xia-ying's "Anglo-Americanization" advice.Part III, conclusion, but a "conclusion of non-conclusion". Because this section, as retrospect, summary of this text and some superficial reflections of the author, is a conclusion of the dissertation. But to this theme the dualistic framework, various kinds of observations are going on, discussions are in the air, the final conclusion is not reached. This dissertation is far from the conclusion. In this section, Zeng Shi-xiong's "doctrine of resource standard" and Wang Yong's "theory of analysis law science" are mentioned, which should be beneficial to introspect the dualistic framework. In any case, actual life is the final standard of evaluating all theories. It seems no disputable that the idea of "absolute proprietary right" embodied in the dualistic framework does not adapt to actual life any more, from which a variety of improvement schemes, "Anglo-Americanization" advice may be. To our attention, introspections of the dualistic framework involves the basic thinking pattern, method of law science, standard of judgment and a series of basic conceptions, such as legal relation, right and duty, object, and so on. These implicit that the dualistic framework is too deeply rooted in the whole theory of private law of civil law family to abstract to observe and introspect independently. The introspection tide of the dualistic framework is essentially the embodiment of the theory crisis of the whole civil law science. However, "one scientific theory, once becomes the paradigm, will not be invalid until another suitable one replace it", which is equally suitable to describe the dualistic framework. According to these discussions of its historical origin and reflections, the dissertation makes a fundamental prejudice: the dualistic framework is still a leading paradigm, but has been in the crisis; after the competitive theories pre-paradigm period, the time of clear thinking of civil theories of the civil law family comes.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D913
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2005-04-01
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