两岸四地黑社会(性质)组织犯罪比较研究

Comparative Research on Gangdom(-like) Organized Crime Of Four Regions across Taiwan Strait

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

李仲民

导师:

李邦友

导师单位:

行政法学院(纪检监察学院)

学位:

博士

语种:

中文

关键词:

两岸四地;黑社会组织犯罪;比较研究;区际合作

摘要:

黑社会组织犯罪作为集团犯罪的高级形态,具有高度的有组织性、隐蔽性及严重的社会危害性,进而被世界各地深恶痛绝。大陆刑法没有规定黑社会组织犯罪,但规定了类似黑社会组织的黑社会性质组织犯罪。近些年,大陆黑社会性质组织不但自身发展迅猛,还多与港澳台黑社会组织合作跨区域犯罪,并利用两岸四地刑事司法差异,区域间刑事合作乏力之现状,逃避打击。在梳理和比较了两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪立法之后,对定罪及量刑上的问题和差异进行了比较,考量两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪在犯罪构成等理论层面上和定罪量刑等实践层面上的异同。为有效地解决大陆黑社会性质组织犯罪立法提供理论支持,为司法实践提供技术参考,并为差异化背景下的区际刑事司法合作提出建议。全文共约16万字,除引言外,正文共包括以下六章内容:第一章梳理两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪的立法变迁,分析比较了影响黑社会组织犯罪立法的因素。经济社会发展状况对黑社会组织犯罪立法具有深刻的影响,而黑社会组织犯罪发展状况直接影响着立法变迁,对黑社会组织犯罪的理论上研究也推动着立法变迁。第二章比较了两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪的立法模式。两岸四地对黑社会组织犯罪的立法模式上不尽相同,大陆采用的是法典式的立法模式,追求形式理性。台湾地区、澳门地区采用综合式立法模式,在刑法典和刑事诉讼法上分别有关于黑社会犯罪的相关规定,同时又制订单行刑事立法。香港地区采用单行刑事立法和判例相结合的方式,符合香港所属英美法系的特点,并有效地对判例进行援引和使用又可以弥补制定法中的不足。单行刑事立法打击黑社会组织犯罪已经成为国际上的一种趋势,但大陆目前既有的立法现状,还没有达到制定单行刑事立法的条件,当前可以采用修正案、司法解释和立法解释相结合的方式,既可以解决打击黑社会性质组织犯罪立法或司法效率的问题,也可以弥补因对黑社会性质组织犯罪认识不足而带来的司法困惑,待立法条件成熟后再行制定单行的刑事立法。第三章规制范围进行了比较。在规制范围上可以把黑社会组织犯罪分为“组织罪”和“行为罪”。黑社会“组织罪”是专门针对对黑社会组织“主持、组织、领导、指挥、参加”等行为本身的规制,因而才是真正意义上的或者具有专属意义的“黑社会组织犯罪”。而黑社会组织的“行为罪”的实质是黑社会组织可以实施其欲实施的任何犯罪,这些犯罪行为事实上是其他人或组织亦可构成的“通用”犯罪,并不专属于黑社会组织,因而黑社会“行为罪”并非典型意义上的“黑社会组织犯罪”。在实质上,两岸四地立法上都对黑社会组织的“组织罪”和“行为罪”进行了规定,相关罪名的共性较大,差异甚小,因此,两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪规制范围具有很大的相同性。第四章两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪定罪问题比较。梳理了两岸四地不同法域黑社会组织认定中存在的问题,并分析了问题的共性和差异。经比较分析,解决大陆黑社会性质组织定罪问题,首先应合理地界定黑社会性质组织的特征,其次应明晰犯罪客体的内涵,再次应坚持与时俱进的立法。第五章两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪刑罚裁量之比较。通过对刑罚裁量中的量刑情节的使用适用进行比较,分别考察及论证了法定的量刑情节和酌定的量刑情节在两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪中作用的异同。在判处刑罚种类的比较上,重点比较论证了两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪财产刑判罚和自由刑判罚上的共性和差异,为大陆黑社会性质组织犯罪刑罚问题提供借鉴。第六章差异化背景下的区际刑事司法合作。首先分析论证了两岸四地刑事司法合作的必然要求,进而查找了两岸四地刑事司法合作中存在的现实问题,最后从完善两岸四地各自的刑事立法,建立区际刑事司法合作的制度体系以及提升区际刑事司法合作的实践效果等方面提出了具体建议。

学科:

刑法学

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

李仲民. 两岸四地黑社会(性质)组织犯罪比较研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2015.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 两岸四地黑社会(性质)组织犯罪比较研究
  • dc.title
  • Comparative Research on Gangdom(-like) Organized Crime Of Four Regions across Taiwan Strait
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • B2011030104041
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 李仲民
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 博士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学博士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2015
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 李邦友
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 行政法学院(纪检监察学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 两岸四地;黑社会组织犯罪;比较研究;区际合作
  • dc.subject
  • Four Regions across Taiwan Strait;Gangdom Organized crime;Comparative Research;Interregional cooperation
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 黑社会组织犯罪作为集团犯罪的高级形态,具有高度的有组织性、隐蔽性及严重的社会危害性,进而被世界各地深恶痛绝。大陆刑法没有规定黑社会组织犯罪,但规定了类似黑社会组织的黑社会性质组织犯罪。近些年,大陆黑社会性质组织不但自身发展迅猛,还多与港澳台黑社会组织合作跨区域犯罪,并利用两岸四地刑事司法差异,区域间刑事合作乏力之现状,逃避打击。在梳理和比较了两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪立法之后,对定罪及量刑上的问题和差异进行了比较,考量两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪在犯罪构成等理论层面上和定罪量刑等实践层面上的异同。为有效地解决大陆黑社会性质组织犯罪立法提供理论支持,为司法实践提供技术参考,并为差异化背景下的区际刑事司法合作提出建议。全文共约16万字,除引言外,正文共包括以下六章内容:第一章梳理两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪的立法变迁,分析比较了影响黑社会组织犯罪立法的因素。经济社会发展状况对黑社会组织犯罪立法具有深刻的影响,而黑社会组织犯罪发展状况直接影响着立法变迁,对黑社会组织犯罪的理论上研究也推动着立法变迁。第二章比较了两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪的立法模式。两岸四地对黑社会组织犯罪的立法模式上不尽相同,大陆采用的是法典式的立法模式,追求形式理性。台湾地区、澳门地区采用综合式立法模式,在刑法典和刑事诉讼法上分别有关于黑社会犯罪的相关规定,同时又制订单行刑事立法。香港地区采用单行刑事立法和判例相结合的方式,符合香港所属英美法系的特点,并有效地对判例进行援引和使用又可以弥补制定法中的不足。单行刑事立法打击黑社会组织犯罪已经成为国际上的一种趋势,但大陆目前既有的立法现状,还没有达到制定单行刑事立法的条件,当前可以采用修正案、司法解释和立法解释相结合的方式,既可以解决打击黑社会性质组织犯罪立法或司法效率的问题,也可以弥补因对黑社会性质组织犯罪认识不足而带来的司法困惑,待立法条件成熟后再行制定单行的刑事立法。第三章规制范围进行了比较。在规制范围上可以把黑社会组织犯罪分为“组织罪”和“行为罪”。黑社会“组织罪”是专门针对对黑社会组织“主持、组织、领导、指挥、参加”等行为本身的规制,因而才是真正意义上的或者具有专属意义的“黑社会组织犯罪”。而黑社会组织的“行为罪”的实质是黑社会组织可以实施其欲实施的任何犯罪,这些犯罪行为事实上是其他人或组织亦可构成的“通用”犯罪,并不专属于黑社会组织,因而黑社会“行为罪”并非典型意义上的“黑社会组织犯罪”。在实质上,两岸四地立法上都对黑社会组织的“组织罪”和“行为罪”进行了规定,相关罪名的共性较大,差异甚小,因此,两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪规制范围具有很大的相同性。第四章两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪定罪问题比较。梳理了两岸四地不同法域黑社会组织认定中存在的问题,并分析了问题的共性和差异。经比较分析,解决大陆黑社会性质组织定罪问题,首先应合理地界定黑社会性质组织的特征,其次应明晰犯罪客体的内涵,再次应坚持与时俱进的立法。第五章两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪刑罚裁量之比较。通过对刑罚裁量中的量刑情节的使用适用进行比较,分别考察及论证了法定的量刑情节和酌定的量刑情节在两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪中作用的异同。在判处刑罚种类的比较上,重点比较论证了两岸四地黑社会组织犯罪财产刑判罚和自由刑判罚上的共性和差异,为大陆黑社会性质组织犯罪刑罚问题提供借鉴。第六章差异化背景下的区际刑事司法合作。首先分析论证了两岸四地刑事司法合作的必然要求,进而查找了两岸四地刑事司法合作中存在的现实问题,最后从完善两岸四地各自的刑事立法,建立区际刑事司法合作的制度体系以及提升区际刑事司法合作的实践效果等方面提出了具体建议。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Gangdom organization crime as the senior form of organized crime, It was hated by the countries and areas in the world because of its highly organized, concealment and serious social harmfulness.The mainland criminal law has not stipulated gangdom organized crime, but similar underworld organization of the underworld property organization crime is becoming more and more serious in China mainland.In recent years, the organization with underworld society nature not only develop itself rapidily but also joint with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan underworld organization,making cross-regional crimes, and using the differences of criminal justice and the present situation of cooperation between Hong Kong,macao,Taiwan where lack of cooperation to escape to be blamed.This article first carries on the introduction and comparison of the two sides of the four underworld crime legislation, including the change of the legislation, reduce the criminal and legislative model,then compare the differences between conviction and sentencing,and considerate the similarities and differences between the two sides of four underworld organization in the crime and the theoretical level and practical level. such as criterions for the conviction of the similarities and differences.To provide theoretical support for effectively in solving the mainland underworld nature organization crime legislation,to provide technical reference for the judicial practice, and put forward some suggestions for the differences of regional criminal judicial cooperation under the background of alienation.This paper is about 160000 words, in addition to the introduction, the main text consists of six chapters as following:Part I has combed on the four districts across Taiwan Strait of organized crime legislation, and analysis the influence factors of the underworld organization crime legislate, the social development condition has profound influence on underworld crime legislation,the development status of underworld crime directly affects the legislative changes, the gangdom organized crime regulation of substantive law and procedural law requirements also indirectly affects the legislative change.Part II discussed the legislation pattern compared the four cross-strait crime of underworld organization.The legislative mode of cross-strait four organization of the underworld crime is not the same,the mainland adopts the legislative mode of code, the pursuit of formal rationality. Using the integrated legislative pattern in Taiwan area,Macao area, the relevant provisions on underworld crime in the criminal law and the criminal procedure law respectively, and making special criminal legislation. Using a combination of separate criminal legislation and prejudication mode in Hongkong area. In line with the characteristics of Hongkong belongs to the Anglo American system, by using quotes and precedents can make up for the deficiency in the law rationally and effcetively. Based on the need for the reform of criminal legislation in the mainland, aimed at the organized crimes of the underworld society develop separate criminal law argument, this paper argues that the separate criminal legislation to combat triad organized crime has become a trend internationally, but based on the present situation in mainland, has not reached the conditions to make out separate criminal legislation.We can adopt the combination of amendments and judicial interpretations and legislative interpretation,not only can solve the problem upon fight against organized crimes of the underworld society legislative or judicial efficiency, also can make up for the law enforcement difficulty because of insufficient understanding of the organized crimes of the underworld society.Part III compares the regulation range. In the scope of regulation can candivide into the “underworld organized crime" and“behaviour crime""Underworld organization crime" is specifically for regulate those who host,lead,participate in the underworld organization,which is the true sense of the word or exclusive significance "gangdom organized crime". And “underworld organization behavior" is the essence of underworld organization it can implement it for committing any crime. These crimes are actually other people or organizations may also constitute a "common crime", is not exclusive to the underworld organization, thus the underworld "behavior" is not a typical "gangdom organized crime". In effect, the legislation of underworld organization in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and the "define"and "behaviour"regulation, on charges related to the universal is larger, difference is small, so on both sides of the four gangdom organized crime regulation scope has a great deal of similarity.Part IV is the comparison of cross-strait four convicted underworld crime problem. The paper firstly reviews the problem sidentified cross-strait four different domains of the underworld organization, and analysis the similarities and differences between the problem, and get the solving problem of conviction, the organization with underworld society nature, should be reasonable definition on organizational characteristics, main enlightenment clear object of crime connotation and keeping pace with the time of legislation.Part V is the comparison of the volume underworld crime penalty of two sides of the four. First of all, compared through the use of criminal discretion in sentencing plot of criminal law, investigates and demonstrates the similarities and differences between the legal sentencing circumstances and discretionary sentencing circumstances in gangdom organized crime in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, In the comparison of sentenced to punishments, key comparison demonstrates the gangdom organized crime in Hong Kong, Macau,Taiwan and the property punishment penalty and freedom penalty decisions on the commonness and difference, the underworld property organization crime punishment problem in mainland China.Part VI is told the interregional criminal judicial cooperation under the different background. In this paper, I put my own mind in the cross-strait interregional judicial cooperation.First I analysis the inevitable necessity of criminal judicial cooperation between Hong Kong,Macau, and Taiwan,then find the realistic problem of criminal judicial cooperation between Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan,Finally,I put forward some of my suggestions in perfecting the criminal legislation, establishing the system of the interregional criminal judicial cooperation system and enhance the practice effect of interregional criminal judicial cooperation.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D924
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2015-03-01
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