住房保障法律制度研究

The Legal Research on The System of Social House

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归属学者:

胡川宁

作者:

胡川宁

导师:

刘俊

导师单位:

经济法学院(生态法学院)

学位:

博士

语种:

中文

关键词:

住房保障;社会国家原则;法治国家原则;限价房;经济适用住房;廉租住房;公共租赁住房;住房公积金

摘要:

经过三十多年的改革开放实践,我国发生了翻天覆地的变化。其中,住房市场化改革的进行,无疑起到了居功至伟的作用。然而,市场化的住房制度本身是无法解决由其所造成的住房社会问题的。住房除了具有商品属性外,其本身也是国民参与社会交互活动的前提条件。为了保证社会公共生活得以存续,建立作为市场化住房制度补充的住房保障法律制度,就成为了各国政府的必然原则。不同于其他资本主义国家的住房发展史,我国自住房体制改革伊始,就非常注重住房保障法律制度的建设。早在《关于深化城镇住房制度改革的决定》(国发〔1994〕43号)——我国现行住房制度市场化的重要基础性文件中,就已经对作为我国住房保障制度重要组成部分的经济适用住房制度做出了规定。自此,经过数年的发展,我国制定了多种住房保障法律制度,即限价房制度、经济适用住房制度、廉租住房制度、公共租赁住房制度、住房公积金和针对职工的住房补贴。但是,我国的住房保障法律制度在宏观上亦存在很多问题:第一,我国现行的住房保障法律制度,尤其是经济适用住房制度,在很大程度还保留有计划经济时代公房制度的影子。可见,如果这种具有计划经济色彩的住房保障制度得到彻底贯彻,则会造成我国住房市场经济的彻底崩溃。同时,正是因为现行的住房保障制度与住房市场化改革存在根本的矛盾,使得以经济适用住房为代表的住房保障制度在实践中并没有成为我国住房市场的主要组成部分。事实上,在市场机制的影响下,商品住房自然地就成为了我国住房市场的主力军。第二,我国现行的住房保障法律制度缺乏系统有效的类型化。这表现在住房保障资助对象重叠,容易造成有限的财政资源被浪费。经济适用住房制度和廉租住房制度的资助对象都是低收入群体就是一个例子。第三,我国的住房保障法律制度本身极度缺乏稳定性。这表现在我国的住房保障法律制度往往五六年就有一次比较大的变动,其所用的术语也往往直接来源于经济学的专业术语。在缺乏有效法律解释的前提下,这种稳定性的缺乏必然导致我国住房保障法律制度缺乏其应有的安定性和明确性。总而言之,目前我国的住房保障法律制度在各个方面都存在一定的问题。除上述三个比较大的问题外,诸如住房公积金缺乏独立性、交易禁止制度有损于交易安全的问题,以及激励措施不完善等也是住房保障法律制度中所要亟待解决的问题。实际上,我国住房保障法律制度中所存在的问题,都是因为我国现行的住房保障法律制度没有按照社会国家原则和法治国家原则的要求进行设计所导致的。作为一篇法学论文,本文主要采用历史分析、比较分析和规范分析的方法,对住房保障法律问题进行研究。首先,有必要就我国住房保障的发展历史,特别是公房制度的存废历程进行历史性的回顾,从中可以认识到计划经济制度下的公房制度是不可能真正地解决我国的住房问题,亦无法与社会主义市场经济相适应。同时,也要认识到住房保障制度是市场化的住房制度的补充,而不是对住房市场经济的替代。其次,本文选取台湾地区、德国以及美国等国家和地区的住房保障制度进行比较。通过法律比较的方法,可以迅速地发现我国的住房保障法律制度与其他发达国家和地区的差异点究竟在哪里。这有益于我国在未来建立符合社会主义市场经济要求的住房保障法律制度。最后,不同于制度经济学着眼于作为一个制度整体的住房保障制度如何对经济单位产生效果,法学所要关注的只是作为整体法秩序一部分的住房保障法律制度本身,即与住房保障有关的法律适用问题。因此,本文着重通过对既往有关住房保障法律制度的政策和法律的梳理,阐释当前我国住房保障法律制度所体现的价值基础。在此基础上,根据民主法治国家的价值观,运用规范分析方法,指出住房保障法律制度应当是什么样的,以及其如何被正确地适用。根据上述研究方法的要求,本文主要分为七章。第一章,导论。本章主要就选题的研究背景、国内外的研究现状,及其所涉及的主要问题、研究方法和结构、创新与不足进行介绍,从而体现本选题的学术价值。第二章,住房保障法律制度研究的基本理论。这一章主要是针对本文所要适用于检验和分析我国住房保障制度的基本法律原则进行论述。其中,这也包括对本文所要涉及的基本法律概念进行说明,即社会国家原则和法治国家原则。第三章,阐述我国住房制度沿革史。在这一章中,主要对我国自改革开放以来的住房制度发展史做一个系统的回顾,基本上可以将其划分为三个主要阶段,即探索时期、市场化住房制度的建立、中国特色社会主义住房制度的发展完善。通过回顾,可以发现计划经济时代的公房制度无法解决中国的住房问题,认识到住房保障法律制度改革的首要问题就在于如何调和住房保障与市场经济之间的紧张关系。第四章,对我国现行的城镇住房保障法律制度进行评价。在这一章中,主要就我国现行的住房保障制度,即限价房制度、经济适用住房制度、廉租住房制度、公共租赁住房制度、住房公积金和针对职工的住房补贴等分别进行评价。第五章,就境外的住房保障法律制度进行探讨。在这一章中,主要对我国台湾地区、德国以及美国的住房保障制度进行介绍。国外住房保障制度的历史经验,尤其是德国住房制度的发展历史告诉我们,指令性的住房统制经济只能作为一项临时措施,解决紧急状态下的住房紧缺危机,而不能被当作一项长久的住房制度。此外,国外住房保障制度也证明了住房保障与住房市场经济本身并不是非此即彼的关系,二者可以相互兼顾。第六章,讨论我国住房保障法律制度的改革目标。本章从国家提供住房保障的义务和住房保障法律制度要贯彻法治国家原则要求等方面,就我国现行的住房保障法律制度中所存在的问题提出个别的修改建议,同时指出了只有符合社会法治国家原则要求的住房保障法律制度,才能真正地成为市场化的住房制度的有益补充。最终,未来我国应建立以作为客体资助的新型廉租住房为核心的多样化的住房保障制度。第七章,讨论新型廉租住房制度。本章指出,通过建立作为统一的客体资助制度的新型廉租住房制度,以替代现有的经济适用住房、廉租住房中的实物配租、限价房以及公共租赁住房等制度,才是住房保障法律制度改革的根本之计。结语。呼应导论中所提出的问题,综合本文的主要论点。

学科:

宪法学与行政法学

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

胡川宁. 住房保障法律制度研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2014.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 住房保障法律制度研究
  • dc.title
  • The Legal Research on The System of Social House
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • B2010030108094
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 胡川宁
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 博士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学博士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2014
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 刘俊
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 住房保障;社会国家原则;法治国家原则;限价房;经济适用住房;廉租住房;公共租赁住房;住房公积金
  • dc.subject
  • The Legal System of Social House;The Principle of social state;The Principles of the rule of law;Price-controled House
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 经过三十多年的改革开放实践,我国发生了翻天覆地的变化。其中,住房市场化改革的进行,无疑起到了居功至伟的作用。然而,市场化的住房制度本身是无法解决由其所造成的住房社会问题的。住房除了具有商品属性外,其本身也是国民参与社会交互活动的前提条件。为了保证社会公共生活得以存续,建立作为市场化住房制度补充的住房保障法律制度,就成为了各国政府的必然原则。不同于其他资本主义国家的住房发展史,我国自住房体制改革伊始,就非常注重住房保障法律制度的建设。早在《关于深化城镇住房制度改革的决定》(国发〔1994〕43号)——我国现行住房制度市场化的重要基础性文件中,就已经对作为我国住房保障制度重要组成部分的经济适用住房制度做出了规定。自此,经过数年的发展,我国制定了多种住房保障法律制度,即限价房制度、经济适用住房制度、廉租住房制度、公共租赁住房制度、住房公积金和针对职工的住房补贴。但是,我国的住房保障法律制度在宏观上亦存在很多问题:第一,我国现行的住房保障法律制度,尤其是经济适用住房制度,在很大程度还保留有计划经济时代公房制度的影子。可见,如果这种具有计划经济色彩的住房保障制度得到彻底贯彻,则会造成我国住房市场经济的彻底崩溃。同时,正是因为现行的住房保障制度与住房市场化改革存在根本的矛盾,使得以经济适用住房为代表的住房保障制度在实践中并没有成为我国住房市场的主要组成部分。事实上,在市场机制的影响下,商品住房自然地就成为了我国住房市场的主力军。第二,我国现行的住房保障法律制度缺乏系统有效的类型化。这表现在住房保障资助对象重叠,容易造成有限的财政资源被浪费。经济适用住房制度和廉租住房制度的资助对象都是低收入群体就是一个例子。第三,我国的住房保障法律制度本身极度缺乏稳定性。这表现在我国的住房保障法律制度往往五六年就有一次比较大的变动,其所用的术语也往往直接来源于经济学的专业术语。在缺乏有效法律解释的前提下,这种稳定性的缺乏必然导致我国住房保障法律制度缺乏其应有的安定性和明确性。总而言之,目前我国的住房保障法律制度在各个方面都存在一定的问题。除上述三个比较大的问题外,诸如住房公积金缺乏独立性、交易禁止制度有损于交易安全的问题,以及激励措施不完善等也是住房保障法律制度中所要亟待解决的问题。实际上,我国住房保障法律制度中所存在的问题,都是因为我国现行的住房保障法律制度没有按照社会国家原则和法治国家原则的要求进行设计所导致的。作为一篇法学论文,本文主要采用历史分析、比较分析和规范分析的方法,对住房保障法律问题进行研究。首先,有必要就我国住房保障的发展历史,特别是公房制度的存废历程进行历史性的回顾,从中可以认识到计划经济制度下的公房制度是不可能真正地解决我国的住房问题,亦无法与社会主义市场经济相适应。同时,也要认识到住房保障制度是市场化的住房制度的补充,而不是对住房市场经济的替代。其次,本文选取台湾地区、德国以及美国等国家和地区的住房保障制度进行比较。通过法律比较的方法,可以迅速地发现我国的住房保障法律制度与其他发达国家和地区的差异点究竟在哪里。这有益于我国在未来建立符合社会主义市场经济要求的住房保障法律制度。最后,不同于制度经济学着眼于作为一个制度整体的住房保障制度如何对经济单位产生效果,法学所要关注的只是作为整体法秩序一部分的住房保障法律制度本身,即与住房保障有关的法律适用问题。因此,本文着重通过对既往有关住房保障法律制度的政策和法律的梳理,阐释当前我国住房保障法律制度所体现的价值基础。在此基础上,根据民主法治国家的价值观,运用规范分析方法,指出住房保障法律制度应当是什么样的,以及其如何被正确地适用。根据上述研究方法的要求,本文主要分为七章。第一章,导论。本章主要就选题的研究背景、国内外的研究现状,及其所涉及的主要问题、研究方法和结构、创新与不足进行介绍,从而体现本选题的学术价值。第二章,住房保障法律制度研究的基本理论。这一章主要是针对本文所要适用于检验和分析我国住房保障制度的基本法律原则进行论述。其中,这也包括对本文所要涉及的基本法律概念进行说明,即社会国家原则和法治国家原则。第三章,阐述我国住房制度沿革史。在这一章中,主要对我国自改革开放以来的住房制度发展史做一个系统的回顾,基本上可以将其划分为三个主要阶段,即探索时期、市场化住房制度的建立、中国特色社会主义住房制度的发展完善。通过回顾,可以发现计划经济时代的公房制度无法解决中国的住房问题,认识到住房保障法律制度改革的首要问题就在于如何调和住房保障与市场经济之间的紧张关系。第四章,对我国现行的城镇住房保障法律制度进行评价。在这一章中,主要就我国现行的住房保障制度,即限价房制度、经济适用住房制度、廉租住房制度、公共租赁住房制度、住房公积金和针对职工的住房补贴等分别进行评价。第五章,就境外的住房保障法律制度进行探讨。在这一章中,主要对我国台湾地区、德国以及美国的住房保障制度进行介绍。国外住房保障制度的历史经验,尤其是德国住房制度的发展历史告诉我们,指令性的住房统制经济只能作为一项临时措施,解决紧急状态下的住房紧缺危机,而不能被当作一项长久的住房制度。此外,国外住房保障制度也证明了住房保障与住房市场经济本身并不是非此即彼的关系,二者可以相互兼顾。第六章,讨论我国住房保障法律制度的改革目标。本章从国家提供住房保障的义务和住房保障法律制度要贯彻法治国家原则要求等方面,就我国现行的住房保障法律制度中所存在的问题提出个别的修改建议,同时指出了只有符合社会法治国家原则要求的住房保障法律制度,才能真正地成为市场化的住房制度的有益补充。最终,未来我国应建立以作为客体资助的新型廉租住房为核心的多样化的住房保障制度。第七章,讨论新型廉租住房制度。本章指出,通过建立作为统一的客体资助制度的新型廉租住房制度,以替代现有的经济适用住房、廉租住房中的实物配租、限价房以及公共租赁住房等制度,才是住房保障法律制度改革的根本之计。结语。呼应导论中所提出的问题,综合本文的主要论点。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • After thirty years of reform and opening practice, our earth-shaking changes have taken place. Among them, the conduct of the housing market reform, undoubtedly played a great tribute to the role. However, market-oriented housing system itself can not solve social problems of housing caused by it's. In addition to housing product attributes, its own nationals to participate in social interaction is a prerequisite. In order to ensure the survival of the social and public life to establish a market-oriented housing system supplemental housing security legal system became inevitable principle of national governments. Unlike the history of housing development in other capitalist countries, housing reform in China since the beginning of the construction of housing security is very focused on the legal system. Back in the "Decision on Deepening the reform of the urban housing system"(Guo Fa [1994] No. 43)- China's current market-oriented housing system important basic documents, it has been an important part of our security system of affordable housing housing system made provision. Since then, after several years of development, China has developed a variety of housing security legal system, that limit housing system, affordable housing system, low-rent housing system, public rental housing system, housing fund and housing subsidies for workers. However, China's housing security legal system at the macro also a lot of problems:First, China's current legal system of housing security, especially affordable housing system, to a large extent still retains a planned economy era public housing system shadow. Visible, housing security system if this has been thoroughly planned economy implemented, will result in the complete collapse of the housing market economy. At the same time, precisely because there is a fundamental contradiction between the existing housing system reform and the protection of the housing market, making affordable housing to the housing security system, represented in practice did not become a major component of our housing market. In fact, under the influence of the market mechanism, commodity housing naturally became the main force of China's housing market.Second, China's current legal system lacks housing security system effective typed. This is reflected in subsidized housing security object overlap, likely to cause limited financial resources are wasted. Subsidized affordable housing target system and low-rent housing system are low-income groups is an example.Third, China's housing security extreme lack of stability of the legal system itself. This is reflected in China's housing security legal system often five or six years there is a relatively large change in its use of the term is also often comes directly jargon of economics. In the absence of effective legal interpretation of the premise, the lack of housing security will inevitably lead to its proper legal system lacks stability and clarity of this stability.All in all, China's housing security system there are certain legal issues in all aspects. In addition to these three relatively large problems, such as lack of independence of the housing fund, prohibit trading system problems detrimental to the security of transactions, as well as incentives for housing security is imperfect legal system to be a serious problem. In fact, our legal system in the housing security problems because of the current housing security system did not follow the requirements of the legal principles and the rule of law and national social state principle be by design.As an legal paper, the paper mainly uses historical analysis, comparative analysis and specification method analysis of housing security research legal issues. First, it is necessary to safeguard the development of housing in our history, especially the history of the abolition of the system of public houses historic review, which you can recognize the public housing system under the planned economic system is not really solve our housing problems, can not with the socialist market economy. At the same time, we must recognize that housing security system is complementary market-oriented housing system, and not a substitute for the housing market economy. Secondly, the paper selects Taiwan, Germany and the United States and other regions and countries, housing security system for comparison. By law comparative method, you can quickly discover China's housing security legal system and other developed countries and regions, where is the point of difference. This is beneficial to our legal system in line with the establishment of housing security requirements of the socialist market economy in the future. Finally, unlike the institutional economics focus on the system as a whole housing security system to have an effect on the economic units, law to be concerned only legal order as a whole, housing security part of the legal system itself, ie with applicable laws relating to housing security issues. Therefore, this article focuses on the policies and laws by previous legal regime relating to housing security combing, explain the basis of the current value of housing security embodied in the legal system. On this basis, according to the values of democracy and rule of law in the socialist countries, the use of standardized analytical methods, pointed out that the legal system of housing security should be what, and how it is properly applied.The method according to the requirements of the study, this paper is divided into seven chapters.Chapter I concern the Introduction. This chapter introduces the research background, research status at home and abroad, and its main issues involved, research methods and structures, innovation and lack of topics, which reflects the academic value of this topic.Chapter II describes the basic theory of legal studies housing security system. This chapter is to be discussed in this article apply for inspection and analysis of the housing security system basic legal principles. Among them, this also includes the basic legal concepts to be covered in this article explained that the national principles of social and legal state principles.Chapter III describes the history of the evolution of the housing system. In this chapter, mainly on the history of our country since the reform and opening up the development of the housing system to do a systematic review, basically can be divided into three main stages, namely to explore the establishment period, market-oriented housing system of socialism with Chinese characteristics housing well-developed system. By reviewing, you can find public housing system in the planned economy era can not solve China's housing problems, recognizing that the most important issue of housing security system reform law is how to reconcile the tensions between the housing security and the market economy.Chapter IV discusses our current legal system of urban housing security evaluation. In this chapter, mainly on China's existing housing security system, that limit housing system, affordable housing system, low-rent housing system, public rental housing system, housing fund and housing subsidies for workers were evaluated.Chapter V discusses the housing security outside the legal system. In this chapter, mainly in Taiwan, China, Germany and the United States, housing security system are introduced. Historical experience of foreign housing security system, especially the history of the German housing system tells us that prescriptive housing statist economy only as a temporary measure to solve the housing shortage crisis under a state of emergency, which can not be treated as a long-term the housing system. In addition, foreign housing security system also proved housing security and housing market economy itself is not either-or relationship, both can take care of each other.Chapter VI discusses the reform objectives of housing security legal system. This chapter provides housing support and housing from the state obligation to protect the legal system to implement the principles of the rule of law and other aspects of the requirements put forward proposed changes to individual housing on China's current legal system to protect the existence of the problem, noting that the social state is only consistent with the rule of law housing security requirements of the legal system in order to truly become a useful supplement market-oriented housing system. Ultimately, the future of our country should establish a variety of housing security system as an object of subsidized low-rent housing for the new core.Chapter VII discusses the new low-rent housing system. This chapter points out, through the establishment of a unified object as a new funding system for low-rent housing system to replace the existing affordable housing, there is low-rent housing, public rental housing and housing prices and other systems, is the reform of the legal system of housing security of dollars.Finally, the conclusion: Introduction to the issue raised in the echo, the main argument of this paper comprehensive.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D922.181
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2014-10-08
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