清末以降的人权思想与实践(1840-1947)

The Thoughts and Practices of Human Rightssince the late Qing Dynasty(1840-1947)

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归属学者：

孙德鹏

归属院系：

行政法学院（纪检监察学院）

作者：

孙德鹏

摘要：

中国传统社会并不存在人权这一概念,而只有民权的概念。这是因为,作为个体的"人"是与整个社会和国家相对立的,强调国家权力是对于个体自由的威胁。而"民"表达的是作为"群体"的民与君主的对立,强调国家权力由君向民的倾斜,其最高目标是将国家权力集中起来。在鸦片战争和新文化运动之后,民权这一概念成为中华民族复兴与强盛的"理性工具","五、四"一代知识分子试图创造一个能够给予个体全面自由发展的新型社会,从民权向人权转换的时代于是得以开启,但"五四人"由于将民族主义因素灌注于人权之中,于是由民权向人权的转换终究成了未完成的乐章。自清末以来,中国社会长期处于战争与动荡,西方的各种思想汇集,让刚刚步入近代社会的中国应接不暇,各种势力都打着救亡图存的旗号,将民权的部分思想付诸于实践,最终在五权宪法中达到最高峰。

语种：

中文

出版日期：

2014-12-31

学科：

中国近现代史; 中外政治制度

提交日期：

2018-01-11

引用参考：

孙德鹏. 清末以降的人权思想与实践(1840-1947)[J]. 中国人权评论,2014(02):9-30+211.

全文附件授权许可：

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 清末以降的人权思想与实践(1840-1947)
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 孙德鹏
  • dc.contributor.author
  • Sun Depeng
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 西南政法大学行政法学院;
  • dc.publisher
  • 中国人权评论
  • dc.publisher
  • China Human Rights Review
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2014
  • dc.identifier.issue
  • 02
  • dc.identifier.page
  • 9-30+211
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2014-12-31
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 清末以降;;民权;;人权;;思想;;实践
  • dc.subject
  • since the late Qing Dynasty;;civil rights;;human rights;;Five-Powers Constitutions
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 中国传统社会并不存在人权这一概念,而只有民权的概念。这是因为,作为个体的"人"是与整个社会和国家相对立的,强调国家权力是对于个体自由的威胁。而"民"表达的是作为"群体"的民与君主的对立,强调国家权力由君向民的倾斜,其最高目标是将国家权力集中起来。在鸦片战争和新文化运动之后,民权这一概念成为中华民族复兴与强盛的"理性工具","五、四"一代知识分子试图创造一个能够给予个体全面自由发展的新型社会,从民权向人权转换的时代于是得以开启,但"五四人"由于将民族主义因素灌注于人权之中,于是由民权向人权的转换终究成了未完成的乐章。自清末以来,中国社会长期处于战争与动荡,西方的各种思想汇集,让刚刚步入近代社会的中国应接不暇,各种势力都打着救亡图存的旗号,将民权的部分思想付诸于实践,最终在五权宪法中达到最高峰。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Since modern times,when accepting the western legal culture,China first recognized civil rights,rather than human rights. After all,as an"individual"concept,human rights is far away from the traditional Chinese culture,there are too many estrangements between them. However,the civil rights,as a concept of "group",could not only be explained in traditional Chinese culture,but also provided a cloak with a cultural legitimacy in accepting the traditional Western legal culture.There is a distinction of value judgment between the civil rights and human rights,because modern China and the West have faced different problems. In China,even those thinkers who have deep understanding and accurate grasp of western culture,in dealing with the value of the civil rights and human rights,cannot grasp their original meaning. "Human rights"is the expression of "dignity "of human beings as an individual that are opposite to the whole society and country,which is aimed at highlight the threat to individual freedom from country and society and the implication of the value of constraining state power."Civil rights"is the expression of "prosperity",its mean is related to "group"which advocates that the state power should tilt towards the "group"represented by "people",and its highest goal is to make the power of the state together so that the country plays its maximum effect.As a part of the modern Chinese legal culture,civil rights and human rights are no doubt thought to be grown up with the aid of learning from the West and the self-improvement by law. After the Opium War of 1840 and the M ay 4th NewCulture M ovement,Civil rights has become the "instrumental reason"in seeking revival and prosperity of the Chinese nation.In the M ay 4th M ovement,the intellectuals tried to create a newsociety available for the free and all-around development of the individual,so the era ofhuman rights was coming. But the idea of human rights was infused with nationalism factors by these"M ay 4th partners",which made the transformation of human rights from civil rights become an uncompleted movement. Until Sun Yat-sen introduced the"Three Principles of the People "and"Five-Powers Constitutions",this symphony consist of civil rights and human rights reverberated in the land of China.
  • dc.identifier.if
  • 0
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • K252;D621.5
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